October 2024

Highlights of this Issue

Consumer Price Index inflation was 4.2% in the second quarter of 2024-25

CPI inflation was lower than the same quarter last year (6.4%).   Food inflation averaged 6.8% in the second quarter of 2024-25, with a steep rise in the month of September (9.2%) as compared to August (5.7%).

Supreme Court upholds law on citizenship for migrants from Bangladesh to Assam

The Court held that a separate provision for Assam was grounded in reasonable classification.  It also held that cut-off dates in the Act are based on historical circumstances, and are thus, not arbitrary.

Supreme Court upholds states’ right to regulate Industrial Alcohol

The Supreme Court held that intoxicating liquor may also include alcohol other than potable alcohol.  It also held that Parliament cannot enact a law to take control of the industry of intoxicating liquor.

Ministry of Corporate Affairs releases Guidelines for PM Internship Scheme

The Guidelines for the Pilot project specifies the criterion for companies, duration of the internship, eligibility for the internship, benefits to the interns, and the use of CSR funds by the companies. 

Sports Ministry releases draft Bill on sports governance

The draft Bill establishes the Sports Regulatory Body of India.  The Board will grant recognition to the National Olympic Committee, National Paralympic Committee and National Sports Federations of various sports.

Cabinet approves rationalisation of existing agricultural schemes

The Union Cabinet approved the rationalisation of all centrally-sponsored schemes under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare into two umbrella schemes.  

Cabinet approves continuation of supply of free fortified rice

Free supply of fortified rice under all welfare schemes will continue until December 2028.

Cabinet approves Rs 1,000 crore funding for space-based startups

This fund would be deployed over a five-year period starting in 2025-26 and aims to benefit close to 40 space-based startups.

Environment Ministry invites comments on draft Liquid Waste Management Rules

These rules related to environmentally sound management of wastewater, faecal sludge, and utilisation of treated wastewater.

National Electricity Plan (Transmission) notified for 2022-32

As per the National Electricity Plan, 1.91 lakh circuit kilometre transmission lines are planned to be added in 2022-32.
 

Macroeconomic Development

Tushar Chakrabarty (tushar@prsindia.org)

Consumer Price Index inflation was 4.2% in the second quarter of 2024-25

Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation was 4.2% in the second quarter (July-September) of 2024-25, lower than 6.4% in the same quarter last year.[1]  In the first quarter (April-June) of 2024-25, CPI inflation was 4.9%.

Food inflation averaged 6.8% in the second quarter of 2024-25.  This was lower as compared to food inflation of 9.4% in the corresponding quarter of 2023-24.  In the first quarter of 2024-25, food inflation was 8.9%.

Wholesale Price Index (WPI) inflation was 1.8% in the second quarter of 2024-25, higher than the same quarter last year (-0.6%).[2]  In the first quarter of 2024-25, WPI inflation averaged 2.5%.

Figure 1: Monthly inflation in Q1 of 2024-25 (% change, year-on-year)
 
Sources: MoSPI; Ministry of Commerce and Industry; PRS.  

Repo rate kept unchanged at 6.5%

The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the Reserve Bank of India kept the policy repo rate (the rate at which RBI lends money to banks) unchanged at 6.5%.[3]  Other decisions of the Committee include:

• The standing deposit facility rate (the rate at which RBI borrows from banks without giving collateral) has been retained at 6.25%.

• The marginal standing facility rate (the rate at which banks can borrow additional money from RBI) and the bank rate (rate at which RBI buys bills of exchange) have been retained at 6.75%.

The MPC decided to change their stance to neutral from its earlier disinflationary stance.  It also decided to remain focused on keeping inflation in line with target of 4% while supporting growth.
 

Corporate Affairs

Tushar Chakrabarty (tushar@prsindia.org)

Guidelines released for pilot of Prime Minister’s internship scheme

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs released the guidelines for the Prime Minister’s Internship Scheme – Pilot Project.[4]  The scheme was announced in the Budget for 2024-25 and aims to provide internships to one crore youth in five years.  A pilot project of the scheme has been launched for 2024-25 with a target of providing 1.25 lakh internships.  Key features of the guidelines include:

• Criteria for companies:  For offering internships, top 500 companies have been selected based on their average expenditure on corporate social responsibility (CSR) over last three years.  Other companies can participate under the scheme with approval from the Ministry.

• Duration:  The internship duration must be for 12 months.  At least half of this must be spent in actual working experience/job environment.

• Eligibility for internship:  Candidates aged between 21 and 24 years will be eligible to get internships.   They should not be employed full-time or engaged in full-time education.  However, candidates enrolled in online/distance learning programmes are eligible to apply.  Other ineligible candidates include: (i) graduates from institutions such as IITs, IIMs, and National Law Universities, (ii) those with professional qualifications or a master’s degree, and (iii) those belonging to families with annual income exceeding eight lakh rupees in 2023-24.   

• Benefits to interns:  Interns will be paid monthly assistance of Rs 5,000.  The company will release Rs 500 each month to the intern from their CSR funds.  Following this, the central government will pay the remaining Rs 4,500 to the candidate. Interns will also receive a one-time grant of Rs 6,000 from the central government on joining the internship location.

• Use of CSR funds:  Companies will bear the cost of training the interns from their CSR funds.  Further, up to 5% of CSR expenditure incurred under the scheme may be classified as administrative costs by the company.

 

Law and Justice 

Rutvik Upadhyaya (rutvik@prsindia.org)

SC upholds provision on citizenship for migrants from Bangladesh to Assam 

With a 4:1 majority, the Supreme Court upheld provision of the Citizenship Act, 1955 providing a separate citizenship criterion for migrants from Bangladesh to Assam.[5]^,[6]  According to this provision, any person of Indian origin who: (i) entered Assam from Bangladesh before January 1, 1966, and (ii) has been ordinarily residing in Assam since, is an Indian citizen.   However, persons who migrated after January 1, 1966 and before March 25, 1971 will be conferred citizenship on completing 10 years from the date of detection as a foreigner.  Upon registration, he will be deemed an Indian citizen but his name will be deleted from the electoral roll for 10 years.  

Some of the key questions that the Supreme Court examined include whether: (i) Parliament has competence to pass such legislation, (ii) separate provision for Assam violates Article 14 of the constitution, and (iii) cut-off dates under the provision are arbitrary.     

The Court ruled that Parliament has competence to pass any law on citizenship.  This competence extends to legislating the provision in question.  

The Court also ruled that a separate provision under the Act for Assam does not violate the right to equality (Article 14).[7]  Assam and the rest of India are distinguishable on the basis of the unique political situation created in Assam by the influx of migrants.  The Court also added that the cut-off dates under this provision are not arbitrary as they are based on specific historical events and circumstances. 

 

Trade and Commerce

Shrusti Singh (shrusti@prsindia.org)

Supreme Court upholds states’ right to regulate industrial alcohol 

The Supreme Court in a nine-judge bench judgement reversed an earlier seven-judge bench judgement, and upheld states’ right to regulate denatured spirit or industrial alcohol.[8]  Under List II of the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution, states are empowered to regulate the production, manufacture, possession, transport, purchase, and sale of intoxicating liquors.[9]  

The Court was reviewing the division of power between the Union and states with respect to regulation and taxation of various types of alcohol.  The Court examined whether the Union’s control of industries in public interest (Entry 52 of List I) overrides states’ right to regulate intoxicating liquors (Entry 8 of List II).  The Court held that the Constitution empowers states to regulate intoxicating liquors from the stage of raw materials to its consumption.  It further held that Parliament cannot enact a law to take control of the industry of intoxicating liquor.  Doing so would lead to states losing their exclusive legislative competence to regulate such industry.  

Another question the Court examined was whether intoxicating liquors include alcohol other than potable alcohol.  It held that intoxicating liquors under Entry 8 of List II covers all alcohol that could be used noxiously to the detriment of public health.  This includes rectified spirits and industrial spirits (not fit for human consumption) used in the production of potable alcohol and other products.  

 

Agriculture

Shrusti Singh (shrusti@prsindia.org)

Cabinet approves rationalisation of schemes for sustainable agriculture and food security

The Union Cabinet approved the rationalisation of all existing centrally sponsored schemes under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare into two umbrella schemes: (i) Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (PM-RKVY), and (i) Krishonnati Yojana.[10]  

The PM-RKVY will be implemented with an outlay of Rs 57,075 crore to promote sustainable agriculture.  Some of the schemes under PM-RKVY include: (i) Soil Health Management, (ii) Rainfed Area Development, (iii) Agro Forestry, and (iv) Agricultural Mechanisation.   State governments will have the flexibility to reallocate funds from one component to another as per their requirements. 

The Krishonnati Yojana will be targeted at achieving food security for self-sufficiency with a proposed outlay of Rs 44,247 crore.  

Cabinet approves mission for oilseeds production

The Union Cabinet approved the National Mission on Edible Oils – Oilseeds (NMEO-Oilseeds).[11]  The Mission will be implemented with a proposed allocation of Rs 10,103 crore between 2024-25 to 2030-31.  The mission aims to increase production of primary oilseed crops from 39 million tonne in 2022-23 to 70 million tonne by 2030-31.  These include Rapeseed-Mustard, Groundnut, Soybean, Sunflower, and Sesamum.  Domestic edible oil production in 2023-24 is estimated to be 12 million tonne.[12]  Along with NMEO – Oil Palm, this mission targets to increase domestic edible oil production to 25 million tonne by 2030-31.  This estimated increase in domestic production is expected to cover 72% of India’s projected requirement by 2030-31.  65 new seed hubs and 50 seed storage units will be setup in the public sector to improve seed production infrastructure.

Minimum Support Prices for Rabi Crops approved

The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs approved an increase in the minimum support prices (MSP) for all mandated Rabi crops for the marketing season 2025-26 (see Table 1).[13]  MSP refers to the assured price at which crops are procured from farmers by the central government.[14]  MSP for wheat has increased by 6.6%.  The highest increase in MSP has been announced for Barley (7%).  

Table 1: Minimum Support Prices for rabi crops for Marketing Season 2025-26

Crops	MSP 2024-25	MSP 2025-26	% change
Wheat	2,275	2,425	6.6%
Barley	1,850	1,980	7.0%
Gram	5,440	5,650	3.9%
Lentil (Masur)	6,425	6,700	4.3%
Rapeseed and Mustard	5,650	5,950	5.3%
Safflower	5,800	5,940	2.4%

Sources: Press Information Bureau; PRS. 

Cabinet approves continuation of supply of free fortified rice under PMGKAY

The Union Cabinet approved the continuation of supply of free fortified rice under all welfare schemes including the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana.[15]  The free supply has been extended from July 2024 to December 2028.  Rice fortification involves adding rice kernels enriched with micronutrients to regular rice.  It will be implemented as a central sector scheme funded by the Union government.  

 

Youth Affairs and Sports 

Rutvik Upadhyaya (rutvik@prsindia.org)

Sports Ministry releases draft Bill on sports governance 

The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports released the Draft National Sports Governance Bill, 2024.[16]  The Bill creates a regulatory structure for the recognition and regulation of: (i) the National Olympic Committee (NOC), (ii) the National Paralympic Committee (NPC) and (iii) National Sports Federations (NSFs).  Key features of the draft Bill include:   

• Regulator:  The draft Bill provides for the creation of the Sports Regulatory Board of India.  The Board will responsible for regulating the NOC, NPC, and NSFs of various sports.  It will be empowered to grant, renew, or suspend recognition of these bodies.   The Board will protect the rights and ensure the welfare of athletes and support personnel.  

• Suspension:  Recognition of the NOC, NPC, and NSFs is conditional on their affiliation with: (i) the International Olympic or Paralympic Committee (for NOC and NPC) or, (ii) the concerned International Federation (for NSFs).  Failure to maintain affiliation can lead to suspension.   Other reasons for suspension include: (i) reported irregularities in internal functioning, (ii) failure to publish accounts, and (iii) irregularities in election procedures.  If the reason for suspension is rectifiable, the Board can ensure compliance instead.  

• Governance:  The draft Bill provides certain specifications in the governance structure of the NOC, NPC and each NSF.  These bodies must each have a General Body and Executive Committee.  The Executive Committee, which is a governing body, will be elected by the Athlete Commission.  It will consist of office bearers such as President, Vice-Presidents, and Joint Secretaries.  It will also comprise of athletes.  After serving for more than two consecutive terms, office bearers would be ineligible to contest election for at least four years.  

• At least 10% of the General Body and voting members in each body will comprise of Sportspersons of Outstanding Merit (SOM).  These are retired athletes who have won at least one medal at the Olympics, Commonwealth or Asian Games.

• Tribunal:  The draft Bill sets up an Appellate Sports Tribunal.  The central government will notify the composition, manner of selection of members, and matters over which the Tribunal can exercise jurisdiction.   Selection of the Tribunal will made on recommendations of a committee headed by a retired judge of the Supreme Court or High Court.  

 

Health

Shirin Pajnoo (shirin@prsindia.org) 

Health Ministry expands scope of nutrition support for Tuberculosis Patients

The Health Ministry recently announced the expansion of the Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana.[17]  This scheme aims to provide nutritional and financial support to TB patients to reduce mortality due to TB.  

Financial support for each TB patient will be increased from Rs 500 to Rs 1,000 per month.  The scheme will also provide energy-dense nutritional supplements to underweight TB patients for the first two months of treatment.  Family members of TB patients will also receive nutritional support which will be aimed at improving their immunity. 

Cost of expanding the scheme is estimated at Rs 1,040 crore.   This will be distributed between the centre and states in a 60:40 ratio.  

 

Science and Technology

Anirudh TR (anirudh@prsindia.org) 

Cabinet approves Rs 1,000 crore funding for space-based startups

The Union Cabinet approved setting up of Rs 1,000 crore venture capital fund to support space-based startups.[18]  This fund is being set up by the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (INSPACe).  INSPACe was created by the government in 2020 to promote and oversee private sector participation in space activities.  The fund would be deployed over a five-year period starting from 2025 to 2030, with an annual deployment of Rs 150-200 crore.  The indicative range of investment in startups is between Rs 10-60 crore.  Growth stage companies can expect investment in the Rs 10-30 crore band.  Late growth stage companies that have shown significant progress, can attract investments in the Rs 30-60 crore band.  This fund is expected to benefit around 40 spaced based startup companies.  Key objectives of this fund include: (i) infusion of capital to create a multiplier effect for further investment, (ii) retention of space companies domiciled in India, and (iii) accelerate private sector participation in Indian space sector. 

 

Environment

Atri Prasad Rout (atri@prsindia.org)

Environment Ministry invites comments on draft liquid waste management rules

The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change invited comments on the draft Liquid Waste Management Rules, 2024.[19]  The rules have been issued under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.[20]  Liquid waste management includes environmentally sound management of: (i) wastewater, (ii) sludge generated during wastewater treatment and faecal sludge, and (iii) utilisation of treated wastewater.  Key features of the draft Rules include: 

• Responsibilities of bulk users:  Establishments with water consumption of more than 5,000 litres per day or pollution load of more than 10 kg per day in term of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) will have to register on a centralised online portal.  BOD is a measure of the level of pollutants in water.  These users will be bound by extended user responsibility (EUR) obligation.  They will: (i) operate onsite decentralised wastewater treatment facilities, and (ii) meet obligation for minimum reuse of treated wastewater.  Users who are not able to setup an onsite facility can purchase EUR certificates from registered wastewater treatment facilities.  The state pollution control board will authorise these EUR certificates.

• Responsibilities of industries:  Industries with water consumption of more than 5,000 litres per day or pollution load of more than 10 kg per day in term of BOD will have to register on the online portal.   They will have to: (i) comply with effluent discharge standards set by the Central and State Pollution Control Boards, and (ii) maintain facilities to treat industrial effluent.  Industries such as thermal power plants, steel and textiles will have to meet obligation for minimum reuse of treated wastewater.

• Management of faecal waste:  Users of onsite sanitation facilities such as septic tanks will be responsible for desludging these facilities.  Both desludging service providers and operators of faecal sludge treatment facilities will have to: (i) register on the online portal, and (ii) report data on a monthly and annual basis.  Local bodies will develop action plans for environmentally sound management of faecal sludge.

Comments are invited till December 6, 2024.

 

Energy

Nripendra Singh (nripendra@prsindia.org)

National Electricity Plan (Transmission) notified for 2022-32   

The Central Electricity Authority (CEA) notified the National Electricity Plan (NEP) (Volume-II Transmission) for 2022-32.[21]  In May 2023, CEA had notified NEP (Volume-I Generation).[22]  CEA is required to formulate a National Electricity Plan once in five years under the Electricity Act, 2003.[23]  Key features of the Plan are: 

• Current Capacity and Target:  As of March 31, 2022, India had total installed transmission lines of 4,56,716 circuit kilometre (ckm).  The NEP plans to add 1,91,474 ckm of transmission lines during 2022-32 (at voltage levels of 220 kV and above). 

• Target for 2017-22 not met:  During 2017-22, 1,04,400 ckm of transmission lines were targeted to be added.  Against this target, only 88,865 ckm (85%) of transmission lines were added.  The Plan noted that target capacity addition for 2017-2022 could not be achieved due reasons such as COVID-19 pandemic and delay in getting forest clearance.

• Renewable Target:  The Plan noted that the installed electricity generation capacity from renewable energy sources was 193.5 GW as on May 31, 2024.  It observed that the gestation period for certain renewable energy-based generation projects is lesser than that for its associated transmission system.  This required the transmission system to be planned well in advance.  The NEP provides a plan for installing transmission system associated with renewable energy capacity of 613 GW by 2032.

Guidelines for innovative projects under PM- Surya Ghar Yojana notified

The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy notified the guidelines for the implementation of innovative projects under PM-Surya Ghar Yojana.[24]  The scheme aims to increase the share of solar rooftop capacity and empower residential households to generate their own electricity.  Rs 500 crore has been allocated for innovative projects under the scheme to encourage advancements in rooftop solar technologies and fund innovations in business models.[25] 

The scheme is open to entities and individuals including international co-operation for joint research.  Projects under the scheme can have a maximum duration of 18 months.  The selected projects will receive financial assistance of up to 60% of their total cost or Rs 30 crore, whichever is lower.  Proposed projects will be screened by a committee on the basis of: (i) relevance and cost-effectiveness, (ii) project concept and novelty, and (iii) value to society.  The proposals forwarded by the screening committee will be selected by a selection committee headed by the secretary of the Ministry.

Annexure

Parliament has constituted some of its Departmentally Related Standing Committees.  The subjects identified for examination for 2024-25 by the Committees are given below.

Table 2: Subjects identified for examination by Departmentally Related Standing Committees

Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, and Food Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Production and Availability of Certified Seeds in the Country Functioning of Agricultural Credit System in the Country Production and Availability of Oil Seeds and Pulses in the Country National Mission on Agricultural Extension and Technology Organic and Natural Farming – Prospects and Challenges Incentivisation for Mechanization and Adoption of Modern Techniques in Agriculture Sector Effect of Use of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides on Environment and Human Health – Ways to Rationalize their Usage. Role of Farmers and Government in Management of Crop Residues through Scientific and Technological Methods Status of Implementation of the Recommendations of Swaminathan Committee Report Policies and Projects for Doubling of Income of Farmers Impact Report of on-going Agricultural Subsidies Policies and Projects for Water Resources (including Groundwater), Irrigation Systems, Rainfed, Watershed Programs and Drainage Management Policy Formulation for Pricing of Agriculture Produce Policies for Diversification of Crops Quality Control of Agriculture Inputs Procurement of Crops at Minimum Support Price – A Review Performance Review of Fasal Bima Yojana Rationalisation of GST on Agricultural Machine Tools and Other Equipments for Small & Marginal Farmers Enhancing Productivity of Staple Crops – Govt. Initiatives & Measures Identification of Socio – Economic & Environmental Reasons Leading to Farmers’ Suicide Extension of Benefits of MNREGA Schemes to Small & Marginal Farmers Development & Augmentation of Agricultural Produce Marketing System Promotion of Floriculture in the Country – Prospects and Challenges Provision of Minimum Wage to Farm Labourers. Cultivation of Khas-Khas (Poppy Seeds) – Prospects and Challenges Post-Harvest Standardization of Moisture Management and Loss of Moisture during Storage. Compensation to Farmers including Tenant Farmers for Losses due to Natural Calamities (Not just Fasal Bima Yojana). Examination of Price Support Scheme (PSS) ; and Public Distribution System (PDS) Policies and Provision to benefit Small and Marginal Farmers and SC/ST Farmers Decreasing Fertile Land due to Indiscriminate Acquisition of Farm Land for Urbanization, Industrialization & Infrastructure Development such as National Highways - A Review Contribution of ICAR in Agricultural Research for Tribal and Hilly Regions Research and Development in Post-Harvest Management Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair- A Performance Review Role and Performance Appraisal of Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) in the Country Research Initiatives and Projects to deal with Pollution in Agriculture and Nitrogen Inefficiency in the Soil Research for Developing Water Efficient Variety of Seeds to Save Ground Water A Performance Review of all Government funded Agricultural Research Institutes, Universities and ICAR. Policies on Usage of Genetically Modified, Engineered, Artificial and Terminator Seeds – A Review Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry, and Dairying Role of National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB) in Training and Extension Facilities to Fishermen under the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana Development of Deep Sea Fishing Infrastructure and Post-Harvest Management in Fisheries Sector - An Overview Promotion and Development of Sea Weed Cultivation Development and Modernization of Fishing Harbours Development of In-land Fishing Farms Evaluation of Livestock Insurance Schemes National Livestock Mission – An Appraisal Role of National Dairy Development Board for Protection and Development of Indigenous Cattle Breeds Scope for Nutrition and Livelihood in the Dairy Sector - An Analysis Policies and Projects for Growth of Livestock – An Evaluation Growth in the Production of Dairy Sector – Review of Various Schemes Evaluation of Quality Control in Dairy Products Measures to Prevent and Control Prevalent Diseases in Bovine Animals Ministry of Food Processing Industries Initiatives taken in the Food Processing Sector under "Make in India" Program Scope for Development of Food Processing Industries in India Research and Development in the Food Processing Sector Promotion of Cooperatives in Food Processing Industry Ministry of Cooperation Formulation of New Schemes and Programmes for the Development of Cooperative Societies in the Country Progress in Establishment of National Cooperative Database Role of National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC) in Strengthening of Cooperative Sugar Mills (CSMs) Evaluation of Democratic Practices and Reducing Administrative Interferences in the Cooperatives of the Country Role of Cooperative Societies in Enhancing Income of the Farmers and Fishermen– A Review   Self-sufficiency in Production of Fertilizers with a view to curb import of fertilizers – Review of constraints thereof. Non-performing Assets in the form of immovable properties that are lying in-operational in the Department of Fertilizers and the way forward – A Review. Matters pertaining to disinvestment of fertilizer PSUs - A review. Initiatives for ensuring growth of domestic fertilizer industry. Fertilizer Projects and joint ventures for ensuring availability of fertilizers and raw materials. Evaluation of performance of fertilizer producing PSUs. Availability and method of distribution of Fertilizers. Evaluation of Implementation of Fertilizers (Movement Control) Order, 1973 with special reference to effectiveness of levy of penalties for violation of the Order. Evaluation and monitoring of Fertilizer Subsidy Schemes as well as Fertilizer Innovation Schemes. To establish India as a leading manufacturer of chemicals and petrochemicals by initiating measures including, inter-alia, revival of sick units. Review of the functioning of Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering & Technology (CIPET). Factors impacting Dye-stuffs and dye intermediates industry. Review of the functioning of Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology (IPFT). Setting up of Plastic Waste Management Centres and steps taken to minimize the use of Plastic in the country. Production of Molasses, Lithium and Batteries - A Review. Petroleum, Chemicals and Petrochemical Investment Regions (PCPIR) Health hazards due to use of compromised/substandard quality of foodgrade plastics and their exposure to extreme Indian climatic conditions. Price Rise of medicines in the Pharmaceutical Sector impacting the lives of ordinary citizens adversely- A Review. Evaluation of the Present Role and Functions of Regulatory Authorities in Pharmaceutical Sector and need for stringent Reforms. Inclusive growth of the Pharmaceutical Industry with stringent quality control and safety standards while also promoting the use of indigenous/traditional medicines and medical practices. Self-sufficiency in production and availability of Active Pharmaceutical ingredients (API) through various initiatives including Production Linked Incentive Scheme (PLI). Review of Activities and Performance of National Institutes of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPERs) since its inception. Review of Performance of Regulatory Authorities for stringent control of spurious and fake medicines. Coal Ministry of Coal  Organizational Structure and Performance of Coal India Limited (CIL) – A Review Land Acquisition and issues of Rehabilitation & Resettlement in Coal/Lignite Mining Areas; Research and Development in Coal Sector; Future of Coal in India's Energy Mix; Implementation of Information Technology and vigilance activities to curb illegal Coal Mining and theft of coal in the country; Compliance of Environmental Norms by Coal/Lignite Companies; Review of Coal Mines Workers Welfare Programme; Safety in Coal Mines; Production of Coal and Lignite - Projection and Planning; Skill development in Coal/Lignite Sector; Performance of Coal Controller's Office; Performance of Coal Mines Provident Fund Organisation (CMPFO); Coal Distribution and Marketing – A Review: Ministry of Mines Organizational Structure and Performance of Geological Survey of India (GSI)– A Review; Organizational Structure and Performance of Indian Bureau of Mines (IBM) – A Review; Measures to curb Illegal Mining of Iron Ore, Manganese, Zinc, Limestone, Bauxite etc. in the Country; Implementation and Utilization of District Mineral Foundation (DMF) Fund, Pradhan Mantri Khanij Kshetra Kalyan Yojana (PMKKKY) - A Review and, Social Security for contract workers and their relief and rehabilitation; Mineral Exploration Activities in North Eastern States and its overall impact on development of the region; Mineral Policy and its implementation. Expediting and Simplifying the Environment and Forest Clearance Process for Mining Projects. Measures for Abatement of Pollution due to Mining Activities and Environmental Protection – including Chittorgarh Fort, a case study; Self-reliance in Minerals and Metals; and Science and Technology Programme and Autonomous Bodies; Ministry of Steel Organizational Structure and Performance of Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) - A Review Review of Steel Policy and its Impact on Development of Steel Sector including R&D skill development etc.; Iron Ore Handling Infrastructure at Ports; Major Policy changes assisting Secondary Steel Sector; Management of Energy efficiency by Steel Plants and Environmental Issues related to Iron Ore Mining; Development of Manganese Ore Industry in India; Promotion of Steel Usage; and Status of Greenfield and Brownfield Projects of Steel PSUs Communications and Information Technology Ministry of Information and Broadcasting Review of implementation of Laws related to all forms of Media Review of mechanism to curb Fake News Review of functioning of Prasar Bharati Organization Overview of Film Industry Emergence of OTT Platforms and related issues Review of functioning of Central Bureau of Communication (CBC) Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology Impact of emergence of Artificial Intelligence and related issues Social and digital platforms and their regulation Impact of Information Technology Agreement in the new age Emergence of new forms of currencies and its impact Digital and cybercrimes – Regulation and Monitoring Ministry of Communications  Real Estate Management in the Department of Posts Issues confronting Department of Posts and review of services provided by Post Offices Issues confronting Telecom Sector in India Self Reliance in Telecom Manufacturing Sector Quality of Service (QoS) Standards and Consumer Protection in Telecom Sector Review of the performance of schemes/projects under Digital Bharat Nidhi (DBN) implemented by Public and Private Sector Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution Storage of foodgrains: Existing infrastructure and future strategy Transportation of foodgrains: Optimizing movement through Railways Modernisation of Public Distribution System: Strengthening Technical Data base Control measures to curb wastage of food grains in FCI godowns Edible Oil Industry: A Review Ethanol and biofuel Production from Sugar, Sugarcane and Grains: Prospects and Challenges Combating Market Malpractices: Ensuring accuracy, Quality and Measurement Standards Ensuring the availability of Essential Commodities with specific reference to petroleum and petroleum products Regulation of Packed Commodities with specific reference to sugar content in baby products and other food products Safeguarding consumer rights in banking sector Role of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) in upholding Quality and Standards Expanding the Role of NTH in testing and calibration of products Defence Review of Sainik Schools, Rashtriya Indian Military College (RIMC) and Rashtriya Military Schools Review of working of Border Roads Organization (BRO) in creating infrastructure in strategic locations and border areas. A review of resettlement policies, healthcare facilities and avenues for Ex-Servicemen (ESM) Modernization of Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs) Review of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives by DPSUs including welfare of Defence personnel Review of Indian Air Force as an independent, professional and strategic force Role of Indian Army in ensuring defence of the Country Role of Indian Navy in ensuring Maritime Security of the Country Review of working of Indian Coast Guard in ensuring Coastal Security in the Country Role of Armed Forces Medical Services in providing healthcare facilities to soldiers deployed in difficult and far-flung border areas Assessment of Indigenous Defence Production both by way of Public and Private Sector including major Research Initiatives Preparedness of the Armed Forces in terms of Hybrid Warfare including cyber, kinetic and non-kinetic warfare and Anti-Drone capabilities Review of strategic operational preparedness of Defence Forces in view of current international security scenario including Border Security Status of upgradation of various programmes and projects of Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) Consolidation of defence lands by Defence Estates Organisation and working of Cantonment Boards Assessment of Next of Kin (NoK) Policy in the Armed Forces Assessment of rescue operations and readiness for Armed Forces personnel operationally deployed in difficult terrains. Education, Women, Children, Youth, and Sports Ministry of Education Review of Samagra Shiksha Scheme, with special emphasis on PM POSHAN, including efforts to enhance nutrition in mid-day meals, and involvement of private parties in service delivery Review of reasons for the drop in enrolment in government schools across the country, including analysis of current data on quality of schooling Review of the need for and feasibility of expanding Kendriya Vidyalayas (KVs) and Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas (JNVs) to more locations and criteria for such expansion Review of PM Schools for Rising India (PM-SHRI) Review of the implementation of the National Education Policy, 2020, in school education across different states Review of objections made by State Governments to the National Education Policy 2020 Review and reforms required in the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009, including provisions related to minorities Review of policy followed for recruitment of teachers in each state and current vacancies in teaching and non-teaching staff in the country in light of NEP-2020 Review of National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) and other initiatives to support training of teachers in light of NEP 2020’s thrust on Capacity Building of Teachers Review of grants given to schools by the Union Government and the utilisation of such grants by schools Review of the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) functioning with respect to curriculum development and textbook formulation Review of current efforts made for education in law, civics, moral education, physical education, agricultural sciences, and vocational training as part of the school curriculum Review of efforts to support continuous assessment, at the school level and at the board-level, in schooling Review of guidelines followed for recognition of private schools by government authorities in each state Review of guidelines issued by state governments for setting of fee structure by private schools Review of efforts to promote education of minorities, including scholarship grants provided and online portal through which such grants can be availed of Review of steps taken and schemes in implementation for the education of children with disabilities (CwD) and status of funding for updating school infrastructure to make it inclusive/disability-friendly Review of functioning of University Grants Commission (UGC), All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC), National Board of Accreditation (NBA), National Testing Agency (NTA), with special attention on initiatives in pursuance of NEP 2020 Review of the proliferation of coaching centres to support students in competitive examinations, social issues arising from it, and existing legislation on the matter Review of incidence and scale of leaks in question papers for recruitment to public services and admission to public educational institutions, including functioning of National Testing Agency (NTA) and the Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Act, 2024 Review of the implementation of Article 15(5) of the Indian Constitution and other measures to support reservations in higher education for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and socially and educationally backward classes of citizens Review of financial accessibility of higher education and prevalence of education loans in India, and existing Government schemes to enhance access Review of fees attached to entrance exams for educational institutions and recruitment exams for Government jobs Review of the functioning of Central Universities, IITs, IIMs, NITs, and other Institutions of National Importance in higher education Issues affecting availability of quality faculty/ teaching resources in the Higher Education Sector, including both Public and Private Universities, and with focus on IITs, IIMs, NITs, and other Institutions of National Importance in higher education Integration of vocational education in higher education curricula. Review of efforts to support mental health for students in higher education Review the progress of the implementation of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, and its impact on various levels of education Pradhan Mantri Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (PM-USHA) --roadmap for effective implementation Review of guidelines followed for accreditation of private universities Review of policies to shift masters program to a one-year duration and its impact on higher education Review of disbursal of grants for research associates affiliated with national universities Ministry of Women and Child Development Review of the implementation of Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Review of Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0 Scheme, with attention to Anganwadi worker pay and working conditions, efforts to enhance nutrition in mid-day meals, and involvement of private parties in service delivery Review of schemes to tackle anaemia and malnutrition in pregnant and lactating women, including Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana Review of PM CARES schemes for children Review of efforts to prevent and address child abuse Review of the enforcement of child labour laws, especially in informal jobs Review of Mission Shakti and Mission Vatsalya Review of functioning of National Commission for Women and scope for improvement in the Grievance Redressal system of the Commission Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act, 2013: Implementation in the Public and Private Sector, including informal jobs Review of adoption process in India and functioning of Central Adoption Resource Agency (CARA) Review of efforts to support women and children’s mental health and well-being Evaluation of existence and prevalence of unequal pay and fewer job opportunities for women Review of efforts to increase the number of women in science and tech jobs Review of how women are shown in media reinforcing stereotypes Review of National Youth Policy, 2021: Status and vision Review of trends in drug and alcohol use among youth and measures to stop proliferation Review of National Service Scheme and its functioning and financing Review of Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan and its functioning Review of prevalence and impact of brain drain of youth leaving the country for better opportunities Review of efforts to improve technology and internet access for youth Review of National programme for youth and adolescent development Review of training and skill development for jobs Review of Target Olympic Podium Scheme (TOPS) and ongoing preparation for top performance at international sporting events Review of functioning and performance of Sports Authority of India (SAI) Review of progress of Khelo India Scheme and impact on promotion of grassroots Sport, Infrastructure Development and Talent Identification and Nurturing Review of mechanism to ensure safety and security of women in sports Review of governance and functioning of national sports federations, and relationship between national sports federations and Department of Sports Review of management and accountability in sports organisations Review of efforts for the promotion of Rural and Indigenous Sports and Rural Sports Development Review of efforts to encourage private companies to invest in development of sports infrastructure and facilities, including through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Evaluation of current mechanisms to add sports as a regular part of school learning Review of efforts to prevent and minimise incidence of performance-enhancing drugs in sports activities Energy Ministry of Power Energy Security in India - Ensuring uninterrupted availability of Energy at an affordable Price. Energy Transition - Implication of adopting Dominant Climate Narrative on Energy Sector and other Sectors in the Country. Energy Conservation and Efficiency. Performance of Thermal (Coal and Gas based) Power Plants - Ensuring availability of sufficient quantity of Fuel. Revival of Hydro Power Sector in the Country. Revamping of the Transmission Sector - Strengthening of the Infrastructure and Management of High Demand in the Power System. Strengthening of the Electricity Distribution Sector - Revamped Distribution Sector Scheme with special focus on Aggregate Technical and Commercial (AT&C) Losses and Smart Metering. Ensuring Disaster Preparedness and Response in the Power Sector. Go Electric - Facilitating Electric Mobility and Development of Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles. Action Plan for ensuring Cyber Security of the Electricity Sector. Carbon Footprints of Power Sector in India and Action Plan for Carbon Credit Trading Scheme. Role of Power Sector Statutory Bodies, PSUs and Institutions in Development of Power Sector. Emerging Scenario in the Power Sector and Need for a New Electricity Policy – An Appraisal. Action Plan for Development of Pump Storage Plants and Battery Energy Storage Systems. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Roadmap for achievement of 50% cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based Energy Resources by 2030. Performance Evaluation of Solar Power Projects in the Country. Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha Evam Utthaan Mahabhiyaan (PM-KUSUM) - An Evaluation. PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana - Grid connected Solar Rooftop Initiative. National Green Hydrogen Mission - Role of Green Hydrogen in achieving Energy Independence for India. Ensuring Round-the-Clock-Power (RTC) from Renewable Energy Projects. National Bioenergy Programme - An Evaluation. Green Energy Corridor - Development of Evacuation and Transmission Infrastructure for Renewable Energy. Self Reliance in Renewable Energy Sector - Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme for National Programme on High Efficiency solar PV Modules. Renewable Energy Financing - Sound and Innovative Financing as the key to accelerated Growth in Renewable Energy Sector. New Technologies in Renewable Energy Sector - Progress in Offshore Wind, Geo Thermal and Ocean Energy. Research and Technology Development in Renewable Energy Sector. Skill Development and Capacity Building in Renewable Energy Sector. External Affairs Indian Diaspora Overseas including NRIs, PIOs, OCIs and Migrant Workers: All Aspects of their Conditions and Welfare, including the Status of the Emigration Bill Future of India-Bangladesh Relationship India-Sri Lanka Relations and the Way Ahead Looking West: India's Relations with West Asia Evaluation of India's Indian Ocean Strategy India’s Look East Policy: Review of India – ASEAN Partnership Indo-Maldives Geopolitics: Challenges, Opportunities and the Way Forward Opportunities in African Countries and India’s Engagement Role of QUAD India Europe Relationship: Opportunities and Challenges Functioning of Indian Missions Abroad: An Assessment and Evaluation India’s Role in Different Bodies of the United Nations and its Claim for Permanent Membership of the UNSC India’s Role and Presence in the Arctic and Antarctic Regions Facilitating External Economic Engagement of States and Union Territories Performance of Passport Issuance System Including Issuance of e-Passports and Review of the Indian Passport Act and Rules India’s Engagement with Small Island Countries Housing and Urban Affairs Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban). Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT). Evaluation of Implementation of Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban). PM-eBus Sewa Scheme. Review of progress of various schemes and programmes of the Ministry i.e. Smart City Mission, PM Street Vendor’s Atma Nirbhar Nidhi (PM SVANidhi), National Urban Livelihood Mission (DAY-NULM), National Urban Digital Mission (NUDM) etc. Review of need and progress of Metro in various cities. Implementation of Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016. Regional Rapid Transit System and role of NCRTC. Slums Redevelopment and Resettlement. Planning, Earmarking, Creation and Development of Vending Zones for Street Vendors in Cities. Review of functioning of HUDCO, NBCC and Town & Country Planning Organisation. Redevelopment of General Pool Residential Accommodation (GPRA) colonies and measures for augmentation of Government residential quarters. Improving the standard and quality of living in urban cities. Environmentally sustainable techniques in urban planning. Capacity building and enhancing sources of funding of the Urban Local bodies/Municipal bodies. Evaluation of developmental strategies of heritage cities and cities of religious importance. Regularization of Unauthorized Colonies in Delhi and other cities. Working of Master Plan of Delhi and other cities. Waste Water Management, Drainage and Sewage disposal in NCR. Status of Implementation of land pooling policy in Delhi. Construction and allotment policy of Flats by DDA. Review of functioning of Holiday Homes and Touring Officers Hostels. Labour, Textiles, and Skill Development Ministry of Labour and Employment Implementation of the Labour Codes. Working Conditions and Welfare Measures for Mine Workers, including Unauthorised Mines and assessment of working of Directorate General of Mines Safety (DGMS). Contractual Appointments/Deployments and Implementation of Labour Laws concerning the welfare of Contract/Casual Workers in Government Organisations/Public Sector Undertakings/Public Sector Banks/Establishments. Implementation of Welfare measures for Plantation Workers. Functioning of the Employees Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) with special reference to operation of the EPF Pension Scheme and Management of Corpus Fund. Functioning of Central Board for Workers Education. Implementation of Centrally Sponsored Schemes. Identification and Rehabilitation of Bonded Labour. Implementation of prescribed minimum Wages in various Employment Sectors. Social Security and Welfare Measures to provide old age protection to Unorganised/ Informal Sector Workers including Gig/Scheme Workers, Street Vendors, Stone Crushers, Fishermen and Workers in IT and Telecommunication Sectors Safeguards and measures for protecting the interest of overseas contract workers and the Returnees, particularly in the Middle East Region. Employment Generation Programmes - A Review. Empowerment of Women Workforce – An insight into their working conditions and implementation of various provisions available to them. India and International Labour Organisation (ILO) - Achieving objectives and review of conventions binding on India. Expanding and providing affordable health care facilities to the workers and their families in the organised and unorganised sectors through ESIC with particular reference to rural and underserved areas – challenges and resolution. Social security measures to ensure welfare of workers in Railways, Roadways, Airlines and Ports. Ministry of Textiles Skill Development vis-à-vis Manufacturing and Upgradation in Textiles Sector. Challenges/Opportunities in Indian Textile Industry. Status/Performance of Handloom Sector. Status and Reforming of Power loom Sector. Performance of Marketing Agencies of Handlooms and Handicrafts. Functioning of National Textile Corporation (NTC). Challenges/Opportunities in the Wool Sector. Scope of Public-Private Sector partnership in Textile Sector. Review of the functioning of Textile Cluster Development Scheme (TCDS). Impact of waste emerging from Textile production on the environment and measures/initiatives taken to curb it. Review of the functioning of SAMARTH - Scheme for Capacity Building in Textile Sector. Challenges and prospects under North Eastern Textile Promotion Scheme (NERTPS) with special focus on Sericulture. Measures for promotion of Traditional handicrafts and preservation of dying arts. Implementation of Prime Minister Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel (PM MITRA) Scheme. Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship National Skills Qualifications Framework – An Assessment. Functioning of National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC). Skill Training in Food Processing, Agriculture and Allied Sectors. Recognition of Skills of Agniveers Scheme – An Assessment. Introduction of New ITI Upgradation Scheme. Skill Development under One District One Product (ODOP) Scheme. Functioning of the National Council for Vocational Education and Training (NCVET). Petroleum and Natural Gas Pricing, Marketing and Supply of Petroleum Products and Natural Gas; Contract Management and Transparency in Procurement Procedures of Oil PSUs; Review of performance of BPCL refineries; Review of Human Resource Policies of Oil PSUs; CSR activities of oil PSUs; Initiatives undertaken by Oil PSUs under ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat Scheme’; Steps taken to reduce Import Dependence of Crude Oil; Review of on-going projects of Oil PSUs including CGD Projects; Review of Exploration & Production Activities of Oil PSUs; Examination of R&D activities of Oil PSUs; Initiatives undertaken by Oil PSUs towards achieving Net – Zero; Safety, Security and Environmental issues in Petroleum Sector; Review of Coal Bed Methane Policy; Review of Indradhanush Gas Grid Limited towards implementing hydrocarbon vision 2030 for North-East; Examination of production and consumption pattern of BS VI compliant fuels in India; Review of LNG Infrastructure in the country; Examination of International Operations and Investments of Oil PSUs; National Green Hydrogen Mission-opportunities and challenges for Oil PSUs; and Review of SATAT and Bio-diesel schemes. Railways Ensuring safety in Indian Rail operations. Optimum utilisation of Railway land Status and financing of various expansion and upgradation related projects of Indian Railways Role of Railway PSUs in growth and expansion of Indian Railways Improvement of public facilities at Railway Stations Construction and maintenance of Rail tunnels and Bridges including Road Over Bridges/Road Under Bridges Human resource management in Indian Railways Upgradation of tracks and signaling in Indian Railways Increasing freight related earnings of Indian Railways and development of Dedicated Freight Corridors Sub-urban Train Services of Indian Railways Passenger Reservation System in Indian Railways Energy efficiency in Indian Railways Evaluation of onboard services in Indian Railways Expansion of Rail Network in North East and Union Territories Review of Rail infrastructure and projects in coastal regions Performance of Production Units and Railway Workshops of Indian Railways Promotion of Railway based tourism High Speed Rail network in India Role of Indian Railways in development of multi-modal logistic parks and their integration with road and port network Making Indian Railways self-reliant through innovation and promotion of indigenous sources Social Justice and Empowerment Review of functioning of National Scheduled Castes Finance Development Corporation (NSFDC). Scholarship Schemes for SCs, OBCs and Children of persons engaged in hazardous and unclean occupations including Evaluation studies & their implementation. Economic Empowerment through Skill Development Schemes for SCs, OBCs, DNTs and EBCs. Grants-in-aid to NGOs working for social welfare and evaluation of their functioning and performance. Review of the functioning of National Handicapped Finance and Development Corporation (NHFDC). Review of functioning of National Trust for the Welfare of Persons with Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Mental Retardation and Multiple Disabilities. Review of functioning of Deendayal Disabled Rehabilitation Scheme (DDRS). Implementation of reservation policy for Divyangjan. Review of Accessible India Campaign. Schemes for Educational and Economic empowerment of Tribals. Review of functioning of Tribal Research Institutes (TRIs). Review of Marketing Support for Tribal Produce. Review of the functioning of the National Scheduled Tribes Finance and Development Corporation (NSTFDC). Review of the functioning of the Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India Limited (TRIFED). Schemes/programmes implemented for the welfare of Tribals under Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Review of the Implementation of the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers Act, 2006. Review of Scholarship Schemes for Minority Students. Schemes/programmes implemented for the welfare of Minorities under Corporate social responsibility (CSR). Review of the Implementation of Pradhan Mantri Jan Vikas Karyakarm (PMJKY). Review of Pradhan Mantri Virasat Ka Samvardhan (PM VIKAS). Review of Financial Assistance provided to NGO/Societies for welfare of SC/ST/OBC/PWD. Priority Sector lending by Banks to SCs, STs, OBCs, differently abled persons and the Minorities. Transport, Tourism, and Culture Review of Progress of e-Mobility Infrastructure and Growth of e-Vehicles; Addressing traffic congestion and encroachment on National Highways; Issues relating to construction of National Highways; Review of Implementation of UDAN Scheme and Advanced Landing Grounds; Review of the functioning of Directorate General of Civil Aviation; National Mission on Cultural Mapping and Roadmap, and Promotion of Local and Indigenous Art; Digital Preservation of Ancient Indian Manuscripts and Documentation of Artefacts; Improvement of Maritime Education and Training Facilities; Development of Ports: Challenges and Solutions; and Development of Theme-based Tourist Circuits with special emphasis on Spiritual Tourism. Water Resources Conservation, Development, Management and Abatement of pollution in river Ganga and its Tributaries under Namami Gange programme with particular reference to project deliverables and timelines as well as performance of State Governments. Conservation and Abatement of Pollution in river Cauvery and other major rivers of South India. Implementation of Atal Bhujal Yojana and Ground Water Management in the Country. Flood scenario and effectiveness of measures taken to combat excessive floods in the Country. Measures Taken for safety of Dams. Interlinking of rivers to improve water availability in water scarce regions. Water Use Efficiency in India. Water resource management in North Eastern States with particular reference to problem of flood and soil erosion. Maintenance and Creation of Water Bodies - Role of the (i) Government and Local Bodies; and (ii) Industries under Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Rain Water Harvesting in India. Protection of river banks, flood plains and initiatives for control of soil erosion. Adverse effect of climate changes with particular reference to problem of water scarcity for irrigation. Review of the role and working of WAPCOS Limited and NPCC Limited. Inclusive water planning for sustainable development Role of advance technologies in mitigating the threat posed by Floods in coastal areas Contamination of water sources; factors responsible and remedial measures to check water contamination. Water management in Forest Areas, Tiger Reserves and Sanctuaries. Massive encroachment in river embankment / riverfront and wetland. Backwater management, stagnation & depletion in the country. Review of functioning of North-East Water Management Authority-review of the mandate, plan of action and project activities under the authority. Review of Major, Medium and Micro irrigation projects in India alongwith their status and progress of (i) Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM); (ii) Water Users Association (WUAs); and (iii) Drip Irrigation / Sprinklers Drinking Water Supply in Coastal Areas- Setting up of Desalination Plants. Availability of Safe Drinking Water in Rural India – Issues and Approaches. Quality of Drinking Water in Rural India - Review of measures taken and achievements. Conservation, development, Management and abatement of pollutants/ contamination of ground water sources in rural areas. Review of performance of Jal Jeevan Mission- Quality and functional sustainability of piped water supply infrastructure created under JJM in rural area Review of performance of Swachh Bharat Mission-Phase II – (i) Quality and sustainability of sanitation infrastructure created under Swachh Bharat Mission with particular reference to achievement of open defecation free (ODF) plus target for all village and (ii) GOBARdhan a waste to wealth initiative in the country.

 [1] Consumer Price Index Numbers on Base 2012=100 for Rural, Urban and Combined for the Month of September 2024, National Statistics Office, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, October 14, 2024, https://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/press_release/CPI_PR_14oct24.pdf.