The Indian judiciary faces an increasing number of cases to be decided, and a large number of vacancies across all levels. The Supreme Court Collegium recently recommended the appointment of 129 High Court judges, soon after the appointment of seven judges to the Supreme Court. In this note, we present data related to pendency of cases and vacancies of judges at various levels of the judiciary.
Pendency of cases rising across courts; over four and a half crore cases pending at present
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Note: 2021 data for the Supreme Court is as of September 4, 2021. 2021 data for High Courts and subordinate courts is as of September 15, 2021. |
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Note: Data as of September 15, 2021. |
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In HCs, 21% cases pending for over ten years; in subordinate courts, 23% cases for over five years |
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Vacancies in the judiciary also contribute to high pendency of cases |
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Tribunals and special courts also witness significant pendency and vacancies |
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Note: Data for 2021 is as on May 31, 2021. |
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Number of undertrials in prisons more than twice the number of convicts Note: The chart shows data for all states and UTs where there are at least 2,000 undertrials. |
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Sources: Court News (2010-2018), Annual Report (2019-20), Supreme Court of India; National Judicial Data Grid for High Courts and Subordinate Courts (last accessed on September 15, 2021); Vacancy Statements (2019-2021), Brief Note on the Scheme of Fast Track Courts (Non-Plan), Department of Justice; Report No. 101, Standing Committee on Personnel, Public Grievances, Law and Justice (2020); Rajya Sabha Unstarred Questions: (i) No. 3458 (March 25, 2021), (ii) No. 1214 (February 11, 2021), (iii) No. 2666 (March 18, 2021); Madras Bar Association vs. Union of India, Supreme Court of India, Writ Petition (Civil) No. 502 of 2021, July 14, 2021; Crime in India (2019, 2020), Prison Statistics India (2019), National Crime Records Bureau; PRS.
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