The Chief Minister of Goa, Dr. Pramod Sawant, presented the Budget for the state for the financial year 2023-24 on March 29, 2023.

Budget Highlights

  • The Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Goa for 2023-24 (at current prices) is projected to be Rs 1 lakh crore, amounting to growth of 9.4% over 2022-23.

  • Expenditure (excluding debt repayment) in 2023-24 is estimated to be Rs 24,571 crore, an increase of 8% over the revised estimates of 2022-23.  In addition, debt of Rs 1,923 crore will be repaid by the state.

  • Receipts (excluding borrowings) for 2023-24 are estimated to be Rs 20,262 crore, an increase of 11% as compared to the revised estimate of 2022-23.

  • Revenue surplus in 2023-24 is estimated to be 0.7% of GSDP (Rs 669 crore), marginally higher than the revised estimates for 2022-23 (0.6% of GSDP).  In 2022-23, the revenue surplus is expected to be marginally higher than the budget estimate (0.5% of GSDP).

  • Fiscal deficit for 2023-24 is targeted at 4.3% of GSDP (Rs 4,308 crore).   In 2022-23, as per the revised estimates, the fiscal deficit is expected to be 4.8% of GSDP, marginally higher than the budget estimate of 4.7% of GSDP.

Policy Highlights

  • Digital Payment:  Digital payment methods will be adopted by all government departments and corporations to eliminate cash handling.

  • Mukhyamantri Saral Pagar Yojana:   This scheme will provide government employees instant wages anytime in the month proportional to the number of days worked.

  • Tax changes:  The state will rationalise VAT on natural gas and base it on consumption.  The state will introduce a ‘green cess’ on non-Goan vehicles entering Goa.  The excise duty on high end liquor will be reduced, and the excise duty on Indian Made Foreign Liquor (IMFL) will be increased marginally.

  • Deen Dayal Upadhyay Grameen Kaushalya Yojana:  Under this scheme candidates will receive training in various professions and courses.

  • New and renewable energy:  A Green Goa Policy, 2023 will be formulated, under which incremental power will be procured from green sources without any additional financial burden.

Goa’s Economy

  • GSDP:  In 2021-22, Goa’s GSDP (at constant prices) is estimated to grow at 4.1%, over a low base of the previous year. In 2020-21, GSDP had contracted by 2.6%.  In comparison, national GDP grew at 8.7% in 2021-22, after a contraction of 6.6% in 2020-21.

  • Sectors:  Services recorded a high growth over a low base in the previous year (Figure 1).  In 2021-22, agriculture, manufacturing, and services sectors are estimated to contribute 8%, 52%, and 40% of the economy, respectively (at current prices).

  • Per capita GSDP:  The per capita GSDP of Goa in 2021-22 (at current prices) is estimated at Rs 5,27,146, an annualised increase of 4% over 2017-18.

Figure  1 : Growth in GSDP and sectors in Goa at constant prices (2011-12)

image

Note: These numbers are as per constant prices (2011-12) which implies that the growth rate is adjusted for inflation. Agriculture includes mining.
Sources: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation; PRS.

Budget Estimates for 2023-24

  • Total expenditure (excluding debt repayment) in 2023-24 is targeted at Rs 24,571 crore.  This is an increase of 8% over the revised estimate of 2022-23.   This expenditure is proposed to be met through receipts (excluding borrowings) of Rs 20,262 crore and net borrowings of Rs 3,652 crore.  Total receipts for 2023-24 (other than borrowings) are expected to register an increase of 11% over the revised estimate of 2022-23.

  • Revenue surplus in 2023-24 is estimated to be 0.7% of GSDP (Rs 669 crore), marginally higher than the revised estimates for 2022-23 (0.6% of GSDP).  Fiscal deficit for 2023-24 is targeted at 4.3% of GSDP (Rs 4,308 crore), lower than the revised estimates for 2022-23 (4.8% of GSDP).  This is higher than the amount allowed by the central government (3.5% of GSDP, of which 0.5% is provided for power sector reforms).

Table  1 : Budget 2023-24 - Key figures (in Rs crore)

Items

2021-22

Actuals

2022-23

BE

2022-23

RE

% change from BE 22-23 to RE 22-23

2023-24

BE

% change from RE 22-23 to BE 23-24

Total Expenditure

19,530

24,274

25,180

4%

26,493

5%

(-) Repayment of debt

2,618

2,583

2,483

-4%

1,923

-23%

Net Expenditure (E)

16,912

21,691

22,697

5%

24,571

8%

Total Receipts

19,448

22,960

23,746

3%

25,837

9%

(-) Borrowings

5,160

5,571

5,456

-2%

5,574

2%

Net Receipts (R)

14,289

17,388

18,290

5%

20,262

11%

Fiscal Deficit (E-R)

2,623

4,303

4,407

2%

4,308

-2%

as % of GSDP

2.9%

4.7%

4.8%

 

4.3%

 

Revenue Surplus

60

434

545

26%

669

23%

as % of GSDP

0.1%

0.5%

0.6%

 

0.7%

 

Primary Deficit

841

2,314

2,479

7%

2,311

-7%

as % of GSDP

0.9%

2.5%

2.7%

 

2.3%

 

Note: BE is Budget Estimates; RE is Revised Estimates.   Fiscal deficit has been calculated using numbers in the Annual Financial Statement
Sources: Budget at a Glance, Goa Budget 2023-24; PRS.

Expenditure in 2023-24

  • Revenue expenditure for 2023-24 is proposed to be Rs 19,558 crore, an increase of 10% over the revised estimate of 2022-23.  This includes the expenditure on salaries, pensions, interest, grants, and subsidies.
  • Capital outlay for 2023-24 is proposed to be Rs 5,001 crore, which is largely same as the revised estimate of 2022-23.  Capital outlay indicates the expenditure towards creation of assets.
  • In 2023-24, loans given by the state are projected to decrease by 14% (Rs 12 crore) as compared to the revised estimates of 2022-23 (Rs 14 crore).

Spending on Capital Outlay

Goa estimates to spend Rs 5,001 crore on capital outlay in 2023-24, which is broadly similar to the revised estimates for 2022-23 (Rs 4,977 crore).  The revised estimates for 2022-23 are 5% higher than the budget estimates.  However, as per the actual figures for 2021-22, Goa underspent on capital outlay by 55%.  Between 2015 and 2020, Goa spent 54% less on capital outlay than what was estimated at the budget stage.  This was the highest amongst all the states.  Underspending on capital outlay by states, on average, was 17% during the same period.

 

Table  2 :  Expenditure budget 2023-24 (in Rs crore)

Items

2021-22

Actuals

2022-23

BE

2022-23

RE

% change from BE 22-23 to RE 22-23

2023-24

BE

% change from RE 22-23 to BE 23-24

Revenue Expenditure

14,227

16,916

17,706

5%

19,558

10%

Capital Outlay

2,681

4,759

4,977

5%

5,001

0%

Loans given by the state

4

17

14

-18%

12

-14%

Net Expenditure

16,912

21,691

22,697

5%

24,571

8%

Sources:  Annual Financial Statement, Goa Budget 2023-24; PRS.

Committed expenditure: Committed expenditure of a state typically includes expenditure on payment of salaries, pensions, and interest. A larger proportion of budget allocated for committed expenditure items limits the state’s flexibility to decide on other expenditure priorities such as capital outlay.  In 2023-24, Goa is estimated to spend Rs 9,369 crore on committed expenditure which is 46% of its estimated revenue receipts.  This comprises spending on salaries (25% of revenue receipts), pension (11%), and interest payments (10%).  

Table  3 : Committed Expenditure in 2023-24 (in Rs crore)

Items

2021-22

Actuals

2022-23

BE

2022-23

RE

% change from BE 22-23 to RE 22-23

2023-24

BE

% change from RE 22-23 to BE 23-24

Salaries

NA

NA

NA

-

5,146

-

Pensions

1,848

2,041

2,045

0%

2,226

9%

Interest Payment

1,783

1,988

1,928

-3%

1,998

4%

Total Committed Expenditure

-

-

-

-

9,369

-

Sources: Medium Term Fiscal Policy and Annual Financial Statement, Goa Budget 2023-24; PRS.

Sector-wise expenditure: The sectors listed below account for 63% of the total expenditure on sectors by the state in 2023-24.  A comparison of Goa’s expenditure on key sectors with that by other states is shown in Annexure 1.

Table  4 : Sector-wise expenditure under Goa Budget 2023-24 (in Rs crore)

Sectors

2021-22 Actuals

2022-23

BE

2022-23

RE

2023-24

BE

% change from RE 22-23 to BE 23-24

Budget Provisions

2023-24 BE

Energy

2,501

3,135

3,635

3,790

4%

Rs 1,850 crore has been allocated towards the purchase of power from NTPC, KPTCL and RSPCL.

Education, Sports, Arts, and Culture

2,270

3,071

3,151

3,651

16%

Rs 918 crore has been allocated towards assistance to non-government secondary schools.  Rs 252 crore has been allocated towards non-government colleges and institutes.

Health and Family Welfare

1,497

1,966

1,942

2,271

17%

Rs 1,029 crore has been allocated towards Urban Health Services – Allopathy.

Roads and Bridges

559

685

826

1,030

25%

Rs 846 crore has been allocated towards capital outlay on roads and bridges.

Social Welfare and Nutrition

797

922

962

1,010

5%

Rs 324 crore has been allocated towards welfare for the aged, infirm and destitute.

Police

586

939

939

947

1%

Rs 765 crore has been allocated to the District Police.

Water Supply and Sanitation

1,390

1,086

989

938

-5%

Rs 164 crore has been allocated to the Urban Water Supply Program and Rs 196 crore has been allocated for rural water supply.

Agriculture and Allied Activities

429

703

731

661

-10%

Rs 247 crores has been allocated towards crop husbandry.

Urban Development

302

613

615

644

5%

Rs 172 crore has been allocated to local body corporations, urban development authorities, town implementation.

Irrigation and Flood Control

321

519

550

574

4%

Rs 118 crore has been allocated towards capital outlay on medium irrigation and Rs 136 crore has been allocated as capital outlay for minor irrigation.

% of total expenditure on all sectors 63% 63% 63% 63%    

Sources: Annual Financial Statement, Demand for Grants Volume II, Goa Budget 2023-24; PRS.

Receipts in 2023-24

  • Total revenue receipts for 2023-24 are estimated to be Rs 20,228 crore, an increase of 11% over the revised estimate of 2022-23.  Of this, Rs 14,615 crore (72%) will be raised by the state through its own resources, and Rs 5,613 crore (28%) will come from the centre.  Resources from the centre will be in the form of state’s share in central taxes (19% of revenue receipts) and grants (8% of revenue receipts).

  • Devolution:  In 2023-24, state’s share in central taxes is estimated at Rs 3,943 crore, an increase of 12% over the revised estimate of 2022-23.

  • Grants from the centre in 2023-24 is estimated at Rs 1,670 crore, a decrease of 50% over the revised estimates for 2022-23.  This decline is on account of to the decrease of GST compensation after June 2022.

  • State’s own tax revenue:  Goa’s total own tax revenue is estimated to be Rs 8,589 crore in 2023-24, an increase of 36% over the revised estimate of 2022-23.  Own tax revenue as a percentage of GSDP is estimated at 8.6% in 2023-24.   For 2022-23, the state had estimated this ratio at 6.8%, and as per revised estimates, it is expected to be marginally higher (6.9%).

Table  5 : Break-up of the state government’s receipts (in Rs crore)

Sources

2021-22

Actuals

2022-23

BE

2022-23

RE

% change from BE 22-23 to RE 22-23

2023-24

BE

% change from RE 22-23 to BE 23-24

State's Own Tax

5,805

6,241

6,331

1%

8,589

36%

State's Own Non-Tax

3,787

5,126

5,060

-1%

6,026

19%

Share in Central Taxes

3,357

3,174

3,509

11%

3,943

12%

Grants-in-aid from Centre

1,337

2,808

3,351

19%

1,670

-50%

Revenue Receipts

14,286

17,350

18,252

5%

20,228

11%

Non-debt Capital Receipts

2

38

38

0%

35

-10%

Net Receipts

14,289

17,388

18,290

5%

20,262

11%

Note: BE is Budget Estimates; RE is Revised Estimates.
Sources: Annual Financial Statement, Budget at a Glance, Goa Budget 2023-24; PRS.

  • In 2023-24, State GST is estimated to be the largest source of own tax revenue with a 45% share.  State GST revenue is estimated to increase by 38% over the revised estimates of 2022-23.

  • Revenue from stamp duties and registration fees is estimated to increase by 80% to Rs 1,098 crore in 2023-24 as compared to the revised estimates of 2022-23 (Rs 609 crore).  Revenue from Sales Tax / VAT is also estimated to grow by 24% to Rs 2,142 crore as compared to the revised estimates of 2022-23 (Rs 1,731 crore).

Table  6 :  Major sources of state’s own-tax revenue (in Rs crore)

Taxes

2021-22

Actuals

2022-23

BE

2022-23

RE

% change from BE 22-23 to RE 22-23

2023-24

BE

% change from RE 22-23 to BE 23-24

State GST

2,758

2,783

2,783

0%

3,836

38%

Sales Tax/ VAT

1,383

1,731

1,731

0%

2,142

24%

Stamps Duty and Registration Fees

645

609

609

0%

1,098

80%

State Excise

650

629

719

14%

841

17%

Taxes on Vehicles

261

371

371

0%

499

34%

Land Revenue

66

41

41

0%

95

132%

Taxes and Duties on Electricity

-

-

-

-

-

-

GST Compensation Grants

911

800

1,500

88%

50

-97%

GST Compensation Loans

847

-

-

-

-

-

Sources: Annual Financial Statement and Receipt Budget, Goa Budget 2023-24; PRS.

Deficits, Debt, and FRBM Targets for 2023-24

The Goa Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2006 provides annual targets to progressively reduce the outstanding liabilities, revenue deficit and fiscal deficit of the state government.  

Revenue Balance:  It is the difference of revenue expenditure and revenue receipts.   A revenue surplus implies that the government does not need to borrow to finance those expenses which do not increase its assets or reduces its liabilities.  The budget estimates a revenue surplus of Rs 669 crore (or 0.7% of the GSDP) in 2023-24.  In 2022-23, the revenue surplus is expected to be Rs 545 crore (0.6% of GSDP) as per revised estimates.  The state has projected a revenue surplus of 0.6% of GSDP in 2024-25 and 2025-26.  

Fiscal deficit:  It is the excess of total expenditure over total receipts.  This gap is filled by borrowings by the government and leads to an increase in total liabilities.   In 2023-24, the fiscal deficit is estimated to be 4.3% of GSDP.  For 2023-24, the central government has permitted fiscal deficit of up to 3.5% of GSDP to states, of which 0.5% of GSDP will be available only upon carrying out certain power sector reforms.   As per the revised estimates, in 2022-23, the fiscal deficit of the state is expected to be 4.8% of GSDP, which is marginally higher than the budget estimate of 4.9% of GSDP.  In 2022-23, the maximum allowed fiscal deficit was 4% of GSDP.  The state expects to reduce the fiscal deficit to 3% of GSDP in 2024-25 and reduce it further to 2.96% of GSDP in 2025-26.  A higher fiscal deficit limits the ability of the state to borrow funds, which can have an impact on expenditure.  

Outstanding liabilities:  Outstanding liabilities is the accumulation of total borrowings at the end of a financial year.  It also includes any liabilities on the public account.  At the end of 2023-24, the outstanding liabilities is estimated to be 32.2% of GSDP, higher than the revised estimate for 2022-23 (31.2% of GSDP).  The outstanding liabilities are expected to reduce to 30% of GSDP by 2025-26.

Figure  2 : Revenue and Fiscal Balance (% of GSDP) 

image

Note: Positive (+) figures indicate a surplus, negative (-) figures indicate a deficit; RE is Revised Estimates; BE is budget estimates.
*Figures for 2024-25 and 2025-26 are projections; 
Sources: Medium Term Fiscal Policy, Goa Budget 2023-24; PRS.  

Figure  3 : Outstanding Liabilities (% of GSDP)

image

Note: *Figures for 2024-25 and 2025-26 are projections; RE: Revised Estimates; BE: Budget Estimates.
Sources: Medium Term Fiscal PolicyGoa Budget 2023-24; PRS.

  • Outstanding Government Guarantees:  Outstanding liabilities of states do not include a few other liabilities that are contingent in nature, which states may have to honour in certain cases. State governments guarantee the borrowings of State Public Sector Enterprises (SPSEs) from financial institutions.  Goa’s outstanding guarantees for the year 2022-23 are estimated to be Rs 1,193 crore (1% of GSDP).

Annexure 1:  Comparison of states’ expenditure on key sectors

The graphs below compare Goa’s expenditure in 2023-24 on six key sectors as a proportion of its total expenditure on all sectors.   The average for a sector indicates the average expenditure in that sector by 31 states (including Goa) as per their budget estimates of 2022-23. [1]

  • Health: Goa has allocated 9.2% of its expenditure on health in 2023-24.  This is higher than the average allocation for health by states in 2022-23 (6.3%).
  • Police:  Goa has allocated 3.9% of its total expenditure towards police, which is less than the average allocation for police by states (4.3%).
  • Education:  Goa has allocated 14.9% of its expenditure on education.  This is marginally higher than the average allocation for education by states (14.8%).
  • Urban development:  Goa has allocated 2.6% of its expenditure towards urban development.  This is lower than the average allocation towards urban development by states (3.5%).
  • Water Supply and Sanitation:  Goa has allocated 3.8% of its total expenditure towards water supply and sanitation, which is higher than the average expenditure by states (3%).
  • Roads and bridges:  Goa has allocated 4.2% of its total expenditure towards roads and bridges, which is lower than the average allocation by states (4.5%).

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Note: 2021-22, 2022-23 (BE), 2022-23 (RE), and 2023-24 (BE) figures are for Goa.
Sources: Annual Financial Statement, Goa Budget 2023-24; various state budgets; PRS.

[1]  The 31 states include the Union Territories of Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, and Puducherry .

Annexure 2:  Comparison of 2021-22 Budget Estimates and Actuals

The following tables compare the actuals of 2021-22 with budget estimates for that year.

Table  7 : Overview of Receipts and Expenditure (in Rs crore)

Particular

2021-22 BE

2021-22 Actuals

% change from BE to Actuals

Net Receipts (1+2)

16,594

14,289

-14%

1.  Revenue Receipts (a+b+c+d)

16,587

14,286

-14%

a.  Own Tax Revenue

5,473

5,805

6%

b.  Own Non-Tax Revenue

5,009

3,787

-24%

c.  Share in central taxes

2,569

3,357

31%

d.  Grants-in-aid from the Centre

3,537

1,337

-62%

     Of which GST compensation grants

1,887

911

-52%

2.  Non-Debt Capital Receipts

7

2

-67%

3.  Borrowings

4,494

5,160

15%

      Of which GST compensation loan

0

847

-

Net Expenditure (4+5+6)

22,469

16,912

-25%

4.  Revenue Expenditure

16,529

14,227

-14%

5.  Capital Outlay

5,920

2,681

-55%

6.  Loans and Advances

20

4

-80%

7.  Debt Repayment

2,264

2,618

16%

Revenue Surplus

58

60

2%

Revenue Surplus (as % of GSDP)

0.07%

0.1%

-

Fiscal Deficit

5,875

2,623

-55%

Fiscal Deficit (as % of GSDP)

6.6%

2.9%

-

Note: BE: Budget Estimates.  For calculating deficits, GST compensation loan not treated as grants.
Sources: Goa Budget Documents of various years; PRS.

Table  8 : Key Components of State's Own Tax Revenue (in Rs crore)

Tax Head

2021-22 BE

2021-22 Actuals

% change from BE to Actuals

Taxes on Vehicles

368

261

-29%

Stamps Duty and Registration Fees

636

645

1%

State Excise

598

650

9%

State GST

2,483

2,758

11%

Sales Tax/ VAT

1,106

1,383

25%

Land Revenue

40

66

65%

Taxes and Duties on Electricity

-

-

-

Sources: Goa Budget Documents of various years; PRS.

Table  9 : Allocation towards Key Sectors (in Rs crore)

Sector

2021-22 BE

2021-22 Actuals

% change from BE to Actuals

Welfare of SC, ST, OBC, and Minorities

246

78

-68%

Transport

1,678

831

-51%

of which Roads and Bridges

1,209

559

-54%

Irrigation and Flood Control

621

321

-48%

Housing

26

13

-48%

Urban Development

568

302

-47%

Rural Development

528

355

-33%

Water Supply and Sanitation

2,012

1,390

-31%

Education, Sports, Arts, and Culture

3,076

2,270

-26%

Agriculture and Allied Activities

538

429

-20%

Energy

3,033

2,501

-18%

Social Welfare and Nutrition

957

797

-17%

Health and Family Welfare

1,595

1,497

-6%

Police

578

586

1%

Sources: Goa Budget Documents of various years; PRS.

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