Highlights of this Issue
National lockdown extended till January 31, 2021 with no further modifications
The eleventh extension of the lockdown continues to maintain the same protocols as those currently in force. The focus is on surveillance and containment so that new Covid-19 cases are reduced.
Operational guidelines for COVID-19 vaccine released
The guidelines identify priority groups as healthcare and frontline workers, and those over 50 years of age. It also specifies training and safety precautions, establishes a digital platform and surveillance systems to monitor progress.
Standing Committee submits report on management of COVID-19
Key recommendations include: (i) framing a national plan to deal with future crises, (ii) augmenting public health infrastructure, and (iii) ensuring interstate operability of rations until One-Nation One-Ration card is implemented.
RBI announces additional measures for liquidity support
On-tap TLTRO (targeted long-term repo) scheme was extended to cover 26 COVID-related stressed sectors. The temporary decision (taken in April) to prohibit banks from declaring dividend for 2019-20 was finalised.
Union Cabinet approves the Atmanirbhar Bharat Rojgar Yojana
The central government will pay PF contribution (of both employers and employees) for new employees for two years. For establishments with more than 1,000 employees, it will only fund the employees’ contribution.
Standard operating procedure for surveillance of new variant of SARS-CoV-2 issued
All passengers arriving from United Kingdom between November 25, 2020 – December 23, 2020 to be kept under observation. Passengers arriving between December 21-23, 2020 must be subjected to RT-PCR test.
First round of the National Family Health Survey-5 released
The first round of the survey covers key indicators on population, child health, and nutrition for 17 states. It finds: (i) most states have achieved targeted fertility rate, (ii) increase in malnutrition among children in several states.
National Capital Territory of Delhi Laws Act amended through an Ordinance
The validity of the 2011 Act was extended to December 31, 2023. The unauthorised colonies: (i) which existed as on June 1, 2014, and (ii) having 50% development as on January 1, 2015 will be eligible for regularisation.
Comments invited on the report of the expert committee on non-personal data
The revised draft of the report on non-personal data governance framework defines high-value datasets of non-personal data. It provides for mandatory sharing of such high value datasets for public good purposes.
New framework for the proliferation of broadband through public wi-fi networks
The framework named Prime Minister’s Wi-Fi Access Network Interface (PM-WANI) will allow local shops and small establishments to set up public wi-fi access points without any licence, registration, or fees.
Draft Indian Ports Bill, 2020 released for public comments
The draft Bill proposes to establish a Maritime Port Regulatory Authority and state Maritime Boards for regulation of ports. It lays down a dispute redressal mechanism, standards for safety, and mechanisms for waste management.
Comments invited on the Draft National Rail Plan
Projects worth Rs 38 lakh crore are proposed for augmentation of Railways infrastructure during the 2021-2051 period. These include three new dedicated freight corridors and several high-speed rail corridors.
COVID-19
As of December 31, 2020, there were 1,02,66,674 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in India.[1] Of these, 98,60,280 had been cured/discharged and 1,48,738 persons had died.1 For details on the number of daily cases in the country and across states, please see here.
With the spread of COVID-19, the central government has announced several policy decisions to contain the spread, and financial measures to support citizens and businesses who would get affected. For details on the major notifications released by centre and the states, please see here. Key announcements made in this regard in December 2020 are as follows.
Lockdown extended till January 31, 2021
Roshni Sinha (roshni@prsindia.org)
To contain the spread of COVID-19, the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) had imposed a 21-day national lockdown in March.[2] Since then, the lockdown has been extended eleven times, with the latest extension till January 31, 2020.[3] The latest lockdown guidelines extend the applicability of the December 2020 lockdown guidelines by another month.[4] The December 2020 guidelines stressed on containing further COVID cases by focusing on a prescribed containment strategy, surveillance, and strict observance of lockdown-related guidelines.
For a summary of the December 2020 guidelines, please see here.
Operational guidelines for COVID-19 vaccine released
Shruti Gupta (shruti@prsindia.org)
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare released operational guidelines for the COVID-19 vaccine.[5] The guidelines note that over 274 candidate vaccines for the COVID-19 virus are in different stages of development globally. These guidelines are a part of preparatory measures to ensure that vaccines can be rolled out expeditiously, whenever it is available. Key features of the guidelines include:
Establishment of Indian SARS-CoV-2 Genomics Consortium proposed
Aditya Kumar (aditya@prsindia.org)
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare proposed establishment of Indian SARS-CoV-2 Genomics Consortium (INSACOG), in view of new variant of SARS-CoV-2 virus.[6] INSACOG will be responsible for expanding genomic sequencing of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the country. Genomic sequencing refers to the study of genetics. The genomic sequencing of the virus will help in: (i) understanding current status of new variants of the virus in the country, (ii) establishing a surveillance mechanism for early detection of genomic variants, and (iii) determining genomic variants in unusual events (such as super-spreading and high mortality).
A two-level structure has been proposed to facilitate the genome sequencing in the country: (i) central level, and (ii) regional level. At the central level, a nodal unit will be created at the National Centre for Disease Control, which will coordinate with state/district level surveillance units. At the regional level, regional genome sequencing laboratories (RGSL) will conduct genome sequencing.
Sequencing will be conducted through ten RGSLs across the country. All sequencing data will be maintained in a national database at National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani and Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi.
Initially, the priority for genome sequencing will be given to: (i) RT-PCR positive samples during past two months, and (ii) RT-PCR positive arriving international passengers since November 23, 2020 till December 22, 2020. In addition, a random sampling of 5% positive samples since November 23, 2020 will sent for genome sequencing in concerned RGSLs. Further, each state will have to send 5% of positive samples, detected daily, to the nearest RGSL for the genome sequencing.
As of December 29, 2020, out of all passengers who arrived at various Indian airports from United Kingdom between November 25, 2020 and December 23, 2020, 114 were found to be positive and their samples were sent for genome sequencing. Six samples were found to be positive with the genome variant detected in United Kingdom and genome sequencing of other samples is under progress.[7]
Standard operating procedure for epidemiological surveillance and response to new variant of SARS-CoV-2 issued
Aditya Kumar (aditya@prsindia.org)
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare issued standard operating procedure (SOP) for epidemiological surveillance and response in the context of new variant of SARS-CoV-2 virus detected in United Kingdom.[8] The SOP provides for actions required at the point of entry in the country for all international passengers who travelling from or transited through United Kingdom since November 25, 2020 to December 23, 2020. Key features of the SOP include:
In case the genome sequencing indicates new variant of SARS-CoV-2 virus, the isolation of the patient must be continued in a separate unit. The patient must be tested on 14th day from the day of initial positive test result. In case of positive test result, further sample may be taken until two consecutive samples, at an interval of 24 hours, test negative.
RBI announces additional measures for liquidity support
Madhunika Iyer (madhunika@prsindia.org)
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) announced policies to ease financial stress caused by COVID-19.[9] The measures announced include:
Union Cabinet approves the Atmanirbhar Bharat Rojgar Yojana
Roshni Sinha (roshni@prsindia.org)
In November 2020, the Finance Minister announced measures to increase employment, and provide stimulus to certain sectors.[14] One of these measures was a new scheme, i.e., the Atmanirbhar Bharat Rojgar Yojana to provide government subsidy for provident fund contributions. The Union Cabinet has now approved the scheme.[15]
The Employees’ Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 provides for a contribution-based provident fund scheme for employees in establishments. As per the newly approved scheme, the central government will pay the employees’ provident fund (EPF) contribution for new employees for two years. For establishments with less than 1,000 employees, the government will cover the EPF contribution of 12% each of both the employer and the employee. For others, the government will only cover the employee’s EPF contribution.
The benefit will be available to new employees earning less than Rs 15,000 per month and engaged between October 1, 2020 and June 30, 2021. New employees are defined to mean: (i) employees who were not working in any establishment registered with the Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) before October 1, 2020 and did not have a Universal Account Number (UAN) or EPF member account number prior to October 1 2020, or (ii) any EPF member possessing UAN who left employment between March 1, 2020 and September 30, 2020 and did not join any EPF covered establishment up to September 30, 2020. The UAN is a unique member number allotted by the EPFO (set up under the 1952 Act).
The Union Cabinet approved an expenditure of Rs. 1,584 crores on the scheme for the current financial year and Rs 22,810 crore for the entire scheme period (2020-2023).
Standing Committee submits report on management of COVID-19
Roshni Sinha (roshni@prsindia.org)
The Standing Committee on Home Affairs submitted its report on the management of the COVID-19 pandemic.[16] Key recommendations of the Committee include:
For a PRS summary of the report, see here.
Suspension of corporate insolvency proceedings under IBC extended
Madhunika Iyer (madhunika@prsindia.org)
The Ministry of Corporate Affairs extended the suspension of corporate insolvency resolution proceedings under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), 2016 for three months starting December 25, 2020.[17] The suspension was extended by three months in September, 2020.[18] The latest notification further extends the suspension such that no insolvency proceedings can be initiated for defaults occurring between March 25, 2020 and March 24, 2021.
The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Ordinance, 2020 was promulgated in June 2020 to suspend the initiation of insolvency resolution proceedings against corporate debtors during COVID-19.[19] It provided that no insolvency proceedings can be initiated against corporate debtors for defaults occurring between March 25 and September 24, 2020. The Ordinance allowed the government to extend the suspension by up to six months.
Domestic civil flight capacity increased
Aditya Kumar (aditya@prsindia.org)
The Ministry of Civil Aviation increased the domestic civil flight operation capacity from 70% to 80%.[20] Domestic civil flight operations were partially resumed with certain limitations in May 2020.[21]
Flights from United Kingdom to India temporarily suspended
Aditya Kumar (aditya@prsindia.org)
The Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) suspended all flights to and from United Kingdom till January 7, 2021.[22],[23] The suspension of flights came into effect on December 22, 2020. The suspension is not applicable to international all-cargo operations and flights specifically approved by DGCA.
Airlines are required to ensure that no passenger from United Kingdom boards any flight to India and to any destination within India.22
Any passenger arriving to India from United Kingdom is required to take an RT-PCR test at the arrival port in India. Passengers testing COVID-19 positive will be quarantined as per the guidelines issued by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. All medical costs incurred will be borne by the passengers.22
The Environment (Protection) Third Amendment Rules, 2020 notified
Aditya Kumar (aditya@prsindia.org)
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change notified the Environment (Protection) Third Amendment Rules, 2020 which amend the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986.[24] The 1986 Rules specify that the central government may prohibit/restrict industrial locations or industrial activities in an area, through notifications.[25] Such restrictions may include: (i) limits on industrial pollutants and emissions (such as a limit on nitrogen oxide emission from thermal power plants), and (ii) proximity to human settlements (restrictions on industrial activities within certain areas from the boundaries of human settlements).
The amendments extend the validity of the notifications with such restrictions, expiring in financial year 2020-21, to June 30, 2021 in view of COVID-19 pandemic.
Directions for aeromedical disposition of COVID-19 positive aircrew issued
Aditya Kumar (aditya@prsindia.org)
The Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) issued directions for aeromedical disposition of COVID-19 positive aircrew.[26] Aeromedical disposition refers to medical assessment of individuals for flying purposes. The key features of the directions include:
SOP and guidelines for organising sports competitions released
Anurag Vaishnav (anurag@prsindia.org)
The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports has released the standard operating procedures (SOP) and guidelines for organising sports competitions in the country in a COVID-19 environment.[27] Key features of the SOP include:
Export policies for medical goggles and gloves revised
Madhunika Iyer (madhunika@prsindia.org)
The Ministry of Commerce and Industry revised the export policy for medical goggles, and gloves.[28] In January 2020, the export of medical goggles, and nitrile gloves was prohibited. [29] In July 2020, the export policy for medical goggles was revised, permitting export of up to 20 lakh units per month.[30] In October, the export policy for nitrile gloves was revised from prohibited to restricted.[31] The latest notification removes the restrictions, making medical goggles and nitrile gloves freely exportable.
Macroeconomic Development
Madhunika Iyer (madhunika@prsindia.org)
Current account surplus at 2.4% of GDP during the second quarter of 2020-21
India’s current account balance in the second quarter (July-September) of 2020-21 recorded a surplus of USD 15.5 billion (2.4% of GDP) as compared to a deficit of USD 7.6 billion (1.1% of GDP) in the second quarter of 2019-20.[32] The surplus is lower than the surplus of USD 19.2 billion (3.8% of GDP) recorded in the first quarter (April-June) of 2020-21. The moderation in current account surplus from Q1 to Q2 of 2020-21 was primarily due to a rise in the trade deficit (excess of imports over exports) from USD 10.8 billion in Q1 to USD 14.8 billion in Q2 of 2020-21. Trade deficit in Q2 of 2020-21 (USD 14.8 billion) was lower than the trade deficit in Q2 of 2019-20 (USD 39.7 billion).
The capital account captures transactions that change the asset/liability position of entities in India. Net inflow (inflow minus outflow) in the capital account was USD 15.4 billion in Q2 2020-21 higher than both Q2 of 2019-20 (USD 13.6 billion) and Q1 of 2020-21 (USD 1 billion). This was primarily due to larger net inflow of foreign investment.
Foreign exchange reserves increased by USD 31.6 billion in the second quarter of 2020-21, higher than the increase of USD 5.1 billion in the second quarter of 2019-20, and USD 19.8 billion in the first quarter of 2020-21.
Overall, in H1 of 2020-21 (April-September 2020), India recorded a current account surplus of USD 34.7 billion (3.1% of GDP) compared to the deficit of USD 22.5 billion (1.6% of GDP) in H1 of 2019-20. This was primarily due to a smaller trade deficit of USD 25.6 billion recorded in H1 of 2020-21 as compared to the deficit of USD 86.4 billion in the corresponding period of 2019-20. Foreign exchange reserves increased by USD 51.4 billion in H1 of 2020-21, larger than the increase of USD 19.1 billion in H1 of 2019-20.
Table 1: Balance of Payments, Q2 2020-21 (USD billion)
|
Q2 |
Q1 |
Q2 |
2019-20 |
2020-21 |
2020-21 |
|
Current Account |
-7.6 |
19.2 |
15.5 |
Capital Account |
13.6 |
1.0 |
15.4 |
Errors and Omissions |
-0.9 |
-0.4 |
0.6 |
Change in reserves |
5.1 |
19.8 |
31.6 |
Sources: Reserve Bank of India; PRS.
Repo and reverse repo rates unchanged at 4% and 3.35% respectively
The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) released its bi-monthly Monetary Policy Statement.[33] The policy repo rate (the rate at which RBI lends money to banks) remained unchanged at 4%. Other decisions of the MPC include:
The MPC projected Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation at 6.8% and 5.8% for the third and fourth quarter of 2020-21 respectively. Inflation is expected to be between 5.2% and 4.6% in the first half of 2021-22.
Finance
Madhunika Iyer (madhunika@prsindia.org)
RBI released draft Directions for entities dealing in OTC derivatives
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released the draft Market-makers in OTC Derivatives Directions, 2020 for public comments.[34] The Directions will apply to entities such as banks and primary dealers that deal in over the counter (OTC) derivatives. Derivatives are instruments that are settled at a future date and derive their value from changes in interest rate, exchange rate, or an underlying security.[35] OTC derivatives are contracts that are directly traded between two parties (as opposed to those traded on a stock exchange). For a derivative contract, an entity that provides both bids and offers at the same time is a market-maker. The draft Directions seek to replace guidelines issued in 2007.[36] The draft Directions provide:
Comments on the draft framework are invited till January 15, 2021.[37]
IFSCA notifies Regulations for operating a Bullion Exchange in the IFSC
The International Financial Services Centre Authority (IFSCA) notified the Bullion Exchange Regulations, 2020.[38] The Regulations provide a framework for recognition of bullion exchanges, and bullion clearing corporations in the International Financial Services Centre (IFSC). The Finance Minister had announced a plan to set up bullion exchanges in the IFSC in the 2020-21 Budget speech.[39] Bullion is defined to include gold, silver, and other precious metals. Bullion exchanges can trade contracts for purchase and sale of bullion, derivatives on bullion, and bullion depository receipts. Bullion depository receipt is a document of title for bullion stored in an empanelled vault. Key features of the Regulations include:
RBI permits Regional Rural Banks to access additional liquidity facilities
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) will permit Scheduled Regional Rural Banks to access the liquidity adjustment facility, the marginal standing facility, and the call money market.[40] These measures are expected to improve liquidity management. Until now, these facilities were available to scheduled commercial banks, certain co-operative banks and primary dealers. Scheduled Regional Rural Banks that meet certain criteria (such as maintenance of adequate capital) will be eligible to avail the facilities.
Liquidity adjustment facility (LAF) is a window through which RBI provides liquidity (at the repo rate) and absorbs liquidity (at the reverse repo rate). Marginal standing facility (MSF) is a facility where banks can borrow additional liquidity over the limits prescribed under the LAF. Call money market is a market for uncollateralised, interbank short-term lending.
RBI releases draft circular on distribution of dividend by NBFCs
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released a draft circular on distribution of dividend by non-banking financial companies (NBFCs).[41] Key features of the circular include:
Health
First round of the National Family Health Survey-5 released
Anya Bharat Ram (anya@prsindia.org)
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has completed the first round of the fifth phase of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS).[43] The fourth round of NFHS was conducted five years ago in 2015-16. The survey covers key indicators on population, reproductive and child health, family welfare, and nutrition. The first phase covers 17 states and 5 union territories. Key results of the survey include:
For a chart-based discussion on the survey, please see here.
ICMR paper discussing the health and economic impact of air-pollution released
Shruti Gupta (shruti@prsindia.org)
The India State-level Disease Burden Initiative published a paper discussing the economic impact and disease burden attributable to air pollution for 2019.[44] This initiative was launched in 2015 as a joint effort between more than 100 institutions under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (including Indian Council of Medical Research). Key findings of the paper include:
Heavy Industries
Anurag Vaishnav (anurag@prsindia.org)
Standing Committee submits report on downturn in the automobile sector
The Standing Committee on Industry submitted its report on ‘Downturn in Automobile Sector – its impact and measures for revival’.[45] The Committee looked at the downturn in the sector in 2019-20, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sector, and recommended measures for the revival of the sector.
The Committee observed that there has been a downturn in the sector from 2019-20. The drop in sales has forced manufacturers to cut production, including the production of auto components and ancillaries. As a result, about 3.45 lakh jobs in the auto sector have been lost. Further, the national lockdown imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic led to a complete shutdown of the industry, leading to a loss of approximately Rs 2,300 crore per day during the national lockdown.
Table 2: Domestic automobile sales
Grade |
April-Sept 2019 |
Change from same period in 2018 |
Passenger vehicles |
13,33,251 |
-23.6% |
Commercial vehicles |
3,75,480 |
-23.0% |
3 Wheelers |
3,30,696 |
-6.7% |
2 Wheelers |
96,96,733 |
-16.2% |
Total |
1,17,36,976 |
-17.1% |
The Committee recommended the following measures for revival of the sector:
For a PRS summary of the report, see here.
Sports
Shruti Gupta (shruti@prsindia.org)
Standing Committee submits its report on Preparation for Olympic Games, 2021
The Standing Committee Education, Women, Children, Youth and Sports submitted its report on Preparation for Olympic Games, 2021.[46] Key recommendations of the Committee include:
For a PRS summary of the report, see here.
Urban Affairs
Aditya Kumar (aditya@prsindia.org)
The National Capital Territory of Delhi Laws Act amended
The National Capital Territory of Delhi Laws (Special Provisions) Second (Amendment) Ordinance, 2020 was promulgated on December 30, 2020.[47] The Ordinance amends the National Capital Territory of Delhi Laws (Special Provisions) Second Act, 2011.[48]
The 2011 Act provides for: (i) relocating slum dwellers and Jhuggi-Jhompri clusters in accordance with the provisions of the Delhi Shelter Improvement Board Act, 2010 and the Master Plan for Delhi, 2021, (ii) regularising unauthorised colonies, village abadi areas (and their extensions), (iii) creating a policy or plan for farm houses constructed beyond permissible building limits, and for all other areas of the National Capital Territory of Delhi, and (iv) not taking any punitive action and minimising inconvenience to the people of Delhi in case of any demolition or sealing of structures under the Master Plan for Delhi. The Master Plan for Delhi 2021 was notified by the central government on February 7, 2007. It provides for strategies of housing for urban poor as well as for dealing with the informal sector.
The 2011 Act was valid till December 31, 2020. The Ordinance extends this deadline to December 31, 2023.
The 2011 Act also provided for the regularisation of unauthorised colonies (i) which existed as on March 31, 2002, and (ii) where construction took place till June 1, 2014. The Ordinance amends this to provide that the unauthorised colonies will be identified for regularisation as per the National Capital Territory of Delhi (Recognition of Property Rights of Residents in Unauthorised Colonies) Act, 2019, and the National Capital Territory of Delhi (Recognition of Property Rights of Residents in Unauthorised Colonies) Regulations, 2019. Thus, the unauthorised colonies: (i) which existed as on June 1, 2014, and (ii) having 50% development as on January 1, 2015 will be eligible for regularisation.[49]
For a PRS summary of the report, see here.
Transport
Metro Railways General Rules notified
Shruti Gupta (shruti@prsindia.org)
The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs notified the Metro Railways General Rules, 2020 under the Metro Railways (Operation and Maintenance) Act, 2002.[50] The Rules replace the Metro Railways General Rules, 2013.[51] The 2020 Rules seek to regulate the operation and maintenance of all metro railways in India, except the Kolkata metro (which is under the purview of the Ministry of Railways). Key features of the 2020 Rules include:
Comments invited on the Draft National Rail Plan
Saket Surya (saket@prsindia.org)
The Ministry of Railways invited comments on the Draft National Rail Plan.[52],[53],[54] The plan seeks to improve the infrastructural capacity of Railways to cater to growth in demand up to the year 2050. It aims to increase the modal share of Railways in freight from 27% currently to 45% by 2030. The implementation cost of projects under the plan will be about Rs 38 lakh crore (see Table 3).
These projects will be executed between 2021 and 2051.53 The plan envisages an initial surge in capital investment up to 2030. Post 2030, it is expected that revenue surplus generated would be adequate to finance future capital investments and government funding will not be required.
Table 3: Cost of National Rail Plan (in Rs lakh crore)
Head |
2021 -26 |
2026 -31 |
2031 -41 |
2041 -51 |
Total |
Dedicated Freight Corridors |
- |
1.5 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
2.3 |
High Speed Rail Corridors |
- |
5.1 |
2.9 |
7.0 |
15.0 |
Network improvements |
1.3 |
0.7 |
2.2 |
1.8 |
6.0 |
Flyovers and Bypasses |
0.8 |
- |
- |
- |
0.8 |
Terminals |
0.6 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.04 |
0.9 |
Rolling Stock |
3.1 |
1.7 |
3.6 |
4.8 |
13.2 |
Total |
5.8 |
9.2 |
9.3 |
13.9 |
38.2 |
Key proposals under the Plan are:
Table 4: Proposed High-Speed Rail Corridors
Phase |
Corridors |
2031 |
Delhi-Ayodhya-Varanasi, Varanasi- Patna, Patna-Kolkata, Delhi-Udaipur-Ahmedabad |
2041 |
Hyderabad-Bangalore, Nagpur-Varanasi |
2051 |
Mumbai-Nagpur, Mumbai-Hyderabad, Patna-Guwahati, Delhi-Chandigarh-Amritsar, Amritsar-Pathankot-Jammu, Chennai-Bengaluru-Mysuru |
Comments on the draft Plan are invited until January 22, 2021.54
Draft Indian Ports Bill, 2020 released for public comments
Shruti Gupta (shruti@prsindia.org)
The Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways released the draft Indian Ports Bill, 2020 for public comments.[55] The draft Bill seeks to repeal the Indian Ports Act, 1908.[56] It seeks to enable growth of ports and increased investment by establishing effective administration and management of all ports in India.[57] Key features of the draft Bill include:
Draft rules issued to establish National Road Safety Board
Shruti Gupta (shruti@prsindia.org)
The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways released the draft National Road Safety Board Rules, 2020 under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988.[58],[59] The draft Rules establish the National Road Safety Board proposed in the Motor Vehicle (Amendment) Act, 2019.59 Key features of the draft Rules include:
Comments on the draft Rules are invited till January 7, 2021.58
Draft rules making provision of airbags in front passenger seats mandatory released
Shruti Gupta (shruti@prsindia.org)
The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways released the draft Central Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Rules, 2020 amending the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989.[60] The draft rules propose to make it mandatory for vehicles to be fitted with airbags for the front passenger seat. It seeks to apply this requirement for vehicles manufactured on April 1, 2021 for new models and June 1, 2021 for existing models. Comments on the draft Rules are invited till January 28, 2021.[61]
Comments invited on the draft Aircraft (Investigation of Accident and Incident) Amendment Rules, 2020
Aditya Kumar (aditya@prsindia.org)
The Ministry of Civil Aviation invited comments on the draft Aircraft (Investigation of Accident and Incident) Amendment Rules, 2020.[62] The draft Rules seek to amend the Aircraft (Investigation of Accidents & Incidents) Rules, 2017.[63] Some of the key features of the draft Rules are:
The draft Rules also add that any safety recommendation regarding systemic deficiency with: (i) probability of recurrence, (ii) significant global consequences, and (iii) requirement of timely action to improve safety, will be termed as safety recommendation of global concern (SRGC). Systemic deficiencies refer to lack of compliance to regulation or standard.
Comments on the draft Rules are invited until January 15, 2021.
Electronics and Information Technology
Saket Surya (saket@prsindia.org)
Comments invited on the report of the expert committee on non-personal data
In July 2020, an Expert Committee constituted by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology to study various issues relating to non-personal data had published a draft report for public consultation.[64] Based on the feedback received, the Committee has released a revised version of the draft report.[65] Key recommendations under the revised draft are:
Comments on the revised draft are invited by January 27, 2021. For a summary of the revised draft of the report, see here. For a summary of the first draft of the report, see here.
Comments invited on the draft National Strategy for Additive Manufacturing
The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology invited comments on the Draft National Strategy for Additive Manufacturing.[66] Additive manufacturing (popularly known as 3D printing) refers to the construction of a three-dimensional object from a digital 3D model by adding materials layer by layer. The technology is being utilised in a variety of industries such as aerospace, electronics, and consumer goods.
The Ministry noted that the additive manufacturing industry is growing rapidly and is expected to be at USD 36 billion by 2023. However, in comparison to countries such as USA, China, and Germany, the adoption of additive manufacturing has not seen much traction in India.66 It identifies certain key challenges in the adoption of additive manufacturing. These include: (i) high cost of equipment and material due to dependence on import, (ii) lack of formal industry standards, (iii) lack of skilled manpower, and (iv) uncertainty in the regulatory and legal framework. Key recommendations under the draft strategy include:
Communications
Saket Surya (saket@prsindia.org)
New framework for the proliferation of broadband through public wi-fi released
The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) released a new framework called the Prime Minister’s Wi-Fi Access Network Interface (PM-WANI) for the proliferation of broadband through public wi-fi networks.[67],[68] The framework seeks to improve last-mile broadband connectivity through a network of public wi-fi access points. The framework will facilitate local shops and small establishments in becoming wi-fi service providers. The PM-WANI framework will involve the following:
The potential user will need to download the app of any of the app providers, get authenticated, and thereafter access internet from any PM-WANI compliant wi-fi access point.
Cabinet approves auction of spectrum
The Union Cabinet approved the proposal to conduct auction of spectrum in 700 MHz, 800 MHz, 900 MHz, 1,800 MHz, 2,100 MHz, 2,300 MHz, and 2,500 MHz frequency bands.[69] Spectrum worth Rs 3.9 lakh crore will be auctioned. Spectrum will be assigned to the successful bidder for a period of 20 years.
Successful bidders may pay entire bid amount in one go. They will also have an option to pay a certain amount upfront and remaining amount in up to 16 equated annual instalments. For spectrum in 700 MHz, 800 MHz, and 900 MHz bands, 25% of the bid amount will be required to be paid upfront. For other bands, 50% of the bid amount will be required to be paid upfront. A moratorium of two years will be available for payment of instalments.
In addition to the bid amount, successful bidders will also have to pay 3% of the Adjust Gross Revenue (AGR) as spectrum usage charges annually. For this purpose, revenue from wireline services will not be included in the AGR. AGR is arrived after subtracting certain charges and taxes from gross revenue, such as roaming charges passed on to other service providers and any service taxes and sales taxes included in the gross revenue.
Cabinet approves projects for improving telecom connectivity in remote areas
The Union Cabinet approved two projects for improvement in telecom connectivity in remote areas. These projects will be funded from the Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF).[70],[71] USOF has been established to provide widespread, non-discriminatory, and affordable access to information and communication technology services to people in rural and remote areas. Resources for USOF are raised through a levy on the revenue of all the telecom operators under various licenses. The projects are:
Information and Broadcasting
Anurag Vaishnav (anurag@prsindia.org)
Cabinet approves revision in guidelines for providing DTH services
The Union Cabinet approved revised guidelines for obtaining a license to provide Direct-To-Home (DTH) broadcasting service in India.[72] A DTH license allows the operator to provide broadcasting service directly to the end-user. Key changes made by the guidelines include:
Advisory to comply with ASCI guidelines on online gaming and fantasy sports advertisements issued
The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting observed that a large number of advertisements on online gaming and fantasy sports have been appearing on the television. In view of this, it has issued an advisory to all private satellite television channels to ensure compliance with the guidelines issued in November 2020 by the Advisory Standards Council of India (ASCI). The guidelines by ASCI provide:[73]
Home Affairs
Roshni Sinha (roshni@prsindia.org)
Private Security Agency rules notified
The Ministry of Home Affairs notified the Private Security Agencies Central Model Rules, 2020 under the Private Security Agencies (Regulation) Act, 2005.[74] This Act provides for the regulation of private security agencies in India. The 2020 Rules replace the Private Security Agencies Central Model Rules, 2006. Key features of the Rules include:
Agriculture
Draft National Fisheries Policy released
Suyash Tiwari (suyash@prsindia.org)
The Department of Fisheries released a revised draft of the National Fisheries Policy for public comments.[75] The previous draft of the policy was released in February 2020.[76] The policy aims to integrate the various policies relating to different aspects of fisheries (such as inland fisheries, marine plants and animals, processing, and marketing) for its comprehensive development. Key features of the revised draft policy include:
Comments on the draft policy are invited till January 20, 2021.
Cabinet approves export subsidy for sugar for the 2020-21 season
Saket Surya (saket@prsindia.org)
The Union Cabinet approved export subsidy worth Rs 3,500 crore to sugar mills.[77] The subsidy aims to reduce the surplus stock of sugar. The subsidy will cover costs incurred by sugar mills in marketing including handling, upgrading, and other processing costs, and transport charges. The subsidy has been approved for export of up to 60 lakh metric tonnes of sugar.
Due to surplus sugar stock with the mills, farmers are not getting their dues for sale of sugarcane to these mills. Hence, the subsidy will be directly credited into farmers’ accounts on behalf of mills against the dues and subsequent balance, if any, will be transferred to the mills.
Cabinet approves revised interest subsidy scheme for increasing ethanol production
Saket Surya (saket@prsindia.org)
The Union Cabinet approved an expansion of the scheme to provide interest subvention to sugar mills and distilleries on loans for augmentation of ethanol production capacity.[78] Interest subvention is provided at the rate of 6% per annum, or 50% of the rate of interest charged, whichever is lower. Earlier, only sugar mills and molasses-based standalone distilleries which produce ethanol from sugarcane juice, sugar syrup, sugar, and B-heavy molasses were eligible under the scheme.78,[79] The revised scheme aims to enhance the capacity for production of first-generation ethanol from other feed stocks as well such as sugar beet, and cereals including rice, wheat, sorghum, maize, and barley.
The central government had fixed a target of 20% blending of fuel-grade ethanol with petrol by 2030, which it plans to prepone to 2025.78 The Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution noted that the blending target cannot be achieved only from the production of ethanol from sugarcane and sugar. This also requires the production of ethanol from other feed stocks, but their current production capacity is not sufficient.
Under the revised scheme, interest subvention will be extended to loans taken for setting up or expanding: (i) distilleries to produce ethanol from other feed stocks producing first-generation ethanol, (ii) grain-based distilleries using dry milling process, and (iii) dual feed distilleries (using both molasses and grain or any other feed stocks). It will also be provided on loans taken for conversion of molasses-based distillers or grain-based distilleries to dual feed distilleries. Only those distilleries will be eligible under the revised scheme which supply at least 75% of the ethanol produced from added capacity to oil marketing companies for blending with petrol.
Education
Anurag Vaishnav (anurag@prsindia.org)
Ministry of Education released Policy on School Bag, 2020
A working group constituted by the Ministry of Education, has released the School Bag Policy, 2020.[80] The working group was constituted in 2018 after a Madras High Court ruling that directed the central government to formulate a policy for school bags. The Policy provides recommendations for the reduction in the weight of the school bag.
The Policy recommended that the universally accepted norm of limiting the weight of the school bag to 10% of the student’s weight should be followed from Class 1 to Class 10. It observed that a heavy bag can affect a student’s spinal posture, foot shape, and walk. It recommended that weight of school bag needs to be monitored and checked on a regular basis in the school. Lockers may be installed for storing and retrieving books and other items for students with disabilities.
Further, it recommended that NCERT must develop guidelines to conduct bagless days in schools using different timetable, experiential pedagogies, and team teaching. Note that the National Education Policy, 2020 had recommended a 10-day bagless period for grades 6-8 where they intern with local vocational experts such as artists and gardeners.[81]
Environment
Aditya Kumar (aditya@prsindia.org)
Government constitutes high-level ministerial committee for implementation of Paris agreement
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF) constituted a high-level inter-ministerial Apex Committee for Implementation of Paris agreement.[82] Paris agreement is an international treaty on climate change, which is aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions globally. The Committee consists of 17 members, which include: (i) Secretary of MoEF as Chairperson, (ii) Additional Secretary, MoEF as Vice-Chairperson, (iii) Additional Director General (Forest), MoEF, and (iii) Joint Secretaries from 14 ministries including Finance, Health and Power, as members.
The Committee will be the national regulatory authority for carbon markets in India. Its functions include: (i) developing policies and programmes to make India’s domestic climate change compliant to international obligations, (ii) coordinating communications of nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and (iii) define responsibilities of concerned ministries for achieving India’s NDC goals. NDCs refer to the climate action plans of various countries around the world. It includes actions planned by countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to achieve goals under the Paris agreement.
Power
Aditya Kumar (aditya@prsindia.org)
The Electricity (Rights of Consumers) Rules, 2020 issued
The Ministry of Power issued the Electricity (Rights of Consumers) Rules, 2020.[83],[84] These have been issued under the Electricity Act, 2003. Key features of the Rules include:
New and Renewable Energy
Aditya Kumar (aditya@prsindia.org)
Guidelines for implementation of feeder level solarisation under component-C of PM-KUSUM scheme issued
The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy issued guidelines for implementation of feeder level solarisation under component-C of Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahaabhiyaan (PM-KUSUM) scheme.[85] Component-C of the scheme aims at solarisation of 15 lakh grid-connected agricultural pumps (including 7.5 lakh pumps with feeder level solarisation) by 2022.[86],[87]
The guidelines specify two methods for installing solar power plants for feeder level solarisation: (i) capital expenditure (CAPEX) mode, and (ii) renewable energy service company (RESCO) mode. The distribution company (discom) will be the implementing agency in their respective areas of distribution. Farmers with power consumption below the benchmark consumption (determined by discoms) will be incentivised.
Under CAPEX mode, 30% of total cost will be provided by the central government as central financial assistance (CFA). The CFA for north-eastern states will be 50%. 40% of the total CFA amount will be provided to discoms on completion of tendering process and signing of agreement with the selected engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contractor.
Under RESCO mode, 30% of the estimated cost of installation of solar plants will be provided to developers as CFA. CFA will be disbursed through discoms on successful commissioning and declaration of commercial operation date of solar plant. Bank guarantees, equivalent to CFA amount, will be required for release of CFA.
The project life of solar plants will be of 25 years. In case of failure of plant within this period, the discom may have to refund CFA amount on pro-rata basis.
All components used in installation of solar power plants must confirm to applicable specifications and guidelines issued by Bureau of Indian Standards and the Ministry. Further, the guidelines specify that the solar plants must mandatorily use indigenous solar panels (with indigenous solar cells and modules).
Space
Anurag Vaishnav (anurag@prsindia.org)
Department of Space releases technology transfer policy and guidelines
The Department of Space has released Technology Transfer Policy and Guidelines 2020.[88] The guidelines provide the principle and mechanism for the transfer of technologies developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to the Indian industries.
ISRO will be responsible for identifying technologies for transfer. The Department of Space will be the approval body. All transfer of technologies will be given effect through the New Space India Limited (NSIL) which will fix the license fee and other charges for the transfer.
Each centre of the ISRO must identify technologies which can be transferred, based on factors such as: (i) readiness of the technology, (ii) proven use of the technology, (iii) chances of success in the recipient organisation, and (iv) socio-economic or commercial viability. A dedicated Technology Transfer Cell will be responsible for end-to-end coordination to ensure successful commercialisation of technologies.
Further, the guidelines state that transfer of technology must not be made to any individual. For non-profit or non-government organisations seeking transfer of technologies which have societal application, no transfer of technology cost will be payable. Ordinarily, the cost of transfer will include: (i) cost of direct material or components, (ii) direct staff costs, (iii) travel and logistics expenses, and (iv) intellectual expenses (nominal, up to 5% of total estimated cost).
[1] Ministry of Health and Family Welfare website, last accessed on March 31, 2020, https://www.mohfw.gov.in/index.html.
[2] Order No. 40-3/2020-DM-I(A), Ministry of Home Affairs, March 24, 2020, https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/MHAorder%20copy.pdf
[3] Order No. 40-3/2020-DM-I(A), Ministry of Home Affairs, December 28, 2020, https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/MHAOrderdt_281220.pdf.
[4] Order No. 40-3/2020-DM-I(A), Ministry of Home Affairs, November 25, 2020, https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/MHAOrder25112020.pdf.
[5] COVID-19 Vaccines: Operational Guidelines, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, December 28, 2020, https://main.mohfw.gov.in/sites/default/files/COVID19VaccineOG111Chapter16.pdf.
[6] Genomic Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in India - Indian SARS-CoV-2 Genomics Consortium (INSACOG), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, https://main.mohfw.gov.in/sites/default/files/IndianSARSCoV2PDFGenomicsConsortiumGuidanceDocument.pdf.
[7] Indian SARS-CoV-2 Genomics Consortium (INSACOG) Labs release initial results of Genome sequencing of mutant variant of SARS-CoV-2, Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, December 29, 2020.
[8] Standard Operating Procedure for epidemiological surveillance and response in the context of new variant of SARS-CoV-2 virus detected in United Kingdom, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, December 22, 2020, https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/SOPforSurveillanceandresponseforthenewSARSCov2variant.pdf.
[9] Statement on Developmental and Regulatory Policies, Reserve Bank of India, December 4, 2020, https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/PressRelease/PDFs/PR72151BDEC79C76948C68A6DE914991CC848.PDF.
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[11] Report of the Expert Committee on Resolution Framework for COVID-related Stress, Reserve Bank of India, September 4, 2020,
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[15] “Cabinet approves Atmanirbhar Bharat Rojgar Yojana”, Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Labour and Employment, December 9, 2020.
[16] “Report No. 229: Management of COVID-19 Pandemic and Related Issues”, Standing Committee on Home Affairs, Rajya Sabha, December 21, 2020, https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Committee_site/Committee_File/ReportFile/15/143/229_2020_12_18.pdf.
[17] S.O. 4638(E), Ministry of Corporate Affaits, December 22, 2020, http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/223855.pdf.
[18] S.O. 3265 (E), Ministry of Corporate Affairs, September 24, 2020, http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/221936.pdf.
[19] The Insolvency and Bankruptcy (Amendment) Ordinance, 2020, https://www.prsindia.org/sites/default/files/bill_files/IBC.pdf
[20] Order No. 11/2020, Ministry of Civil Aviation, December 3, 2020, https://www.civilaviation.gov.in/sites/default/files/DOC120320-12032020182905.pdf.
[21] Order No. 01/2020, Ministry of Civil Aviation, May 21, 2020, https://www.civilaviation.gov.in/sites/default/files/DOC0522 20-05222020133918.pdf.
[22] Circular No. 4/1/2020-IR: Temporary suspension of flights from United Kingdom to India - Reg, Director General of Civil Aviation, December 21, 2020, https://dgca.gov.in/digigov-portal/Upload?flag=iframeAttachView&attachId=150202802.
[23] Circular No 4/1/2020-IR, Office of the Director General of Civil Aviation, Government of India, December 30, 2020, https://twitter.com/DGCAIndia/status/1344212868892217344/photo/1.
[24] S.O. 4367 (E), Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, December 3, 2020, http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/223458.pdf.
[25] The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, Ministry of Environment and Forests, November 19, 1986, https://parivesh.nic.in/writereaddata/ENV/THE%20ENVIRONMENT.pdf.
[26] Circular No. AV/22025/25A/DMS/MED: Aeromedical Disposition of COVID-19, Director General of Civil Aviation, December 18, 2020, https://dgca.gov.in/digigov-portal/Upload?flag=iframeAttachView&attachId=150198436.
[27] “Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) & Guidelines for Organizing Sports Competitions in the Country in a COVID-19 Environment – Reg”, Circular, Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, https://yas.nic.in/sites/default/files/SOP FOR Competition.pdf.pdf.
[28] Notification No. 47/2015-2020, Directorate General of Foreign Trade, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, December 22, 2020, https://content.dgft.gov.in/Website/dgftprod/90dab10a-08ad-41bf-9fde-e05d2b0e4354/Noti%2047%20Eng.pdf.
[29] Notification No. 44/2015-20, Directorate General of Foreign Trade, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, January 31, 2020, https://content.dgft.gov.in/Website/Noti%2044_0.pdf.
[30] Notification No. 21/2015-2020, Directorate General of Foreign Trade, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, July 28, 2020, https://content.dgft.gov.in/Website/dgftprod/e576fbb1-b0f9-4276-913e-cab13010b16b/Noti%2021%20Eng.pdf.
[31] Notification No. 42/2015-20, Directorate General of Foreign Trade, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, October 22, 2020, https://content.dgft.gov.in/Website/dgftprod/b1ffbbc7-9e04-4314-be2d-6e68972e28d2/Noti%2042%20Eng.pdf.
[32] “Developments in India’s Balance of Payments during the Second Quarter (July-September) of 2020-21”, Reserve Bank of India, December 30, 2020, https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/PressRelease/PDFs/PR8531713946561684EB3A0153A39DB219C57.PDF.
[33] Monetary Policy Statement, 2020-21, Reserve Bank of India, December 4, 2020, https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/PressRelease/PDFs/PR720A9A40E7FC8884A6A9F158967DE9BFF20.PDF.
[34] Draft Reserve Bank of India (Market-makers in OTC Derivatives) Regulations, 2020, https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/Content/PDFs/DIRDMMD2BE6D408A4DE4B138FC1DDB2863D2E81.PDF.
[35] Section 45U, Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.
[36] Comprehensive guidelines on derivatives, Reserve Bank of India, April 20, 2007, https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/content/PDFs/76927.pdf.
[37] “RBI releases Draft Reserve Bank of India (Market-makers in OTC Derivatives) Directions, 2020 under Section 45 W of the RBI Act, 1934”, Press Release, Reserve Bank of India, December 4, 2020, https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx?prid=50760.
[38] The International Financial Services Centre Authority (Bullion Exchanges) Regulations, 2020, https://ifsca.gov.in/Viewer/Index/127.
[39] Budget Speech, Union Budget 2020-21, https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/doc/Budget_Speech.pdf.
[40] “Introduction of Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) and Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) for Regional Rural Banks (RRBs)”, Reserve Bank of India, December 4, 2020, https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=12004&Mode=0.
[41] “Declaration of Dividend by NBFCs”, Draft Circular, Reserve Bank of India, December 9, 2020, https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/Content/PDFs/DECLARATIONNBFCS2B8209A722B248CB9869F12BB33D1A3A.PDF
[42] “RBI decides to simplify and rationalise the process of registration of new NBFCs”, Press Release, Reserve Bank of India, June 17, 2016, https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx?prid=37253.
[43] “National Family Health Survey-5”, Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, December 15, 2020.
[44] Comprehensive estimates of disease burden attributable to air pollution and its economic impact in every state of India in 2019, Indian Council for Medical Research, December 22, 2020, https://main.icmr.nic.in/sites/default/files/press_realease_files/ICMR_Press_Release_Air_Pollution_22122020.pdf.
[45] “Downturn in automobile sector – its impact and measures for revival”, 303rd Report, Standing Committee on Industry, December 15, 2020, https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Committee_site/Committee_File/ReportFile/17/145/303_2020_12_14.pdf.
[46] Preparation for Olympic Games, 2021, Department related Parliamentary Standing Committee on Education, Women, Children Youth and Sports, December 24, 2020, https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Committee_site/Committee_File/ReportFile/16/144/317_2020_12_13.pdf.
[47] The National Capital Territory of Delhi Laws (Special Provisions) Second (Amendment) Ordinance, 2020, Ministry of Law and Justice, December 30, 2020, http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/224015.pdf.
[48] The National Capital Territory of Delhi Laws (Special Provisions) Second Act, 2011, http://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A2011-20_1.pdf.
[49] The National Capital Territory of Delhi (Recognition of Property Rights of Residents in Unauthorised Colonies) Regulations, 2019, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, October 29, 2019, http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2019/213492.pdf.
[50] GSR 769(E), Gazette of India, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/223749.pdf.
[51] Metro Railways General Rules, 2013, Ministry of Urban Development, 2013, http://mohua.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/MR_General_Rules_Public_Carriage_Passengers_Rules_2013.pdf.
[52] “Indian Railways issues draft National Rail Plan”, Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Railways, December 18, 2020.
[53] “Draft Final Report on the National Rail Plan”, Ministry of Railways, December 2020, http://indianrailways.gov.in/NRP-%20Draft%20Final%20Report%20with%20annexures.pdf.
[54] “Suggestions on the Draft National Rail Plan”, MyGov Portal, as accessed on December 24, 2020, https://www.mygov.in/group-issue/suggestions-draft-national-rail-plan/.
[55] Draft Indian Ports Act, 2020, Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, http://shipmin.gov.in/sites/default/files/Draft%20Indian%20Ports%20Bill%202020.pdf.
[56] Indian Ports Act, 1908, Ministry of Shipping, http://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1908-15.pdf.
[57] Draft Indian Ports Bill, 2020 issued for Public Consultation, Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, Press Information Bureau, December 11, 2020.
[58] GSR 754(E), Gazette of India, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, December 8, 2020, http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/223589.pdf.
[59] The Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act, 2019, Gazette of India, Ministry of Law and Justice, August 9, 2019, https://www.prsindia.org/sites/default/files/bill_files/Motor%20Vehicles%20%28Amendment%29%20Act%2C%202019.pdf.
[60] GSR 797(E), Gazette of India, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, December 28, 2020, http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/223970.pdf.
[61] Public comments invited for proposed mandatory provision of co-driver airbags, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Press Information Bureau, December 29, 2020.
[62] G.S.R 761 (E), Ministry of Civil Aviation, December 15, 2020, http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/223716.pdf
[63] The Aircraft (Investigation of Accidents & Incidents) Rules, 2017, Ministry of Civil Aviation, August 7, 2017, http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2017/178054.pdf.
[64] “Report by the Committee of Experts on Non-Personal Data Governance Framework”, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, July 2020, https://static.mygov.in/rest/s3fs-public/mygov_159453381955063671.pdf.
[65] “Report by the Committee of Experts on Non-Personal Data Governance Framework”, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, December 16, 2020, https://static.mygov.in/rest/s3fs-public/mygov_160922880751553221.pdf.
[66] National Strategy for Additive Manufacturing, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, December 9, 2020, https://www.meity.gov.in/content/national-strategy-additive-manufacturing.
[67] Wi-Fi Access Network Interface (WANI)
and Framework and Guidelines for Registration, Department of Telecommunications, December 2020, https://dot.gov.in/sites/default/files/2020_12_11%20WANI%20Framework%20Guidelines.pdf?download=1.
[68] “Prime Minister’s Wi-Fi Access Network Interface (PM-WANI) to proliferate broadband access through Public Wi-Fi Hotspots across the country”, Press Information Bureau, Union Cabinet, December 9, 2020.
[69] “Cabinet approves Auction of spectrum”, Press Information Bureau, Cabinet, December 16, 2020.
[70] “Cabinet approves Provision of Submarine Optical Fibre Cable Connectivity between Mainland (Kochi) and Lakshadweep Islands (KLI Project)”, Press Information Bureau, Union Cabinet, December 9, 2020.
[71] “Cabinet approves Universal Service Obligation Fund Scheme for providing Mobile Coverage in Arunachal Pradesh and two Districts of Assam under the Comprehensive Telecom Development Plan for North Eastern Region”, Press Information Bureau, Union Cabinet, December 9, 2020.
[72] “Cabinet approves Revision in guidelines for providing Direct to Home (DTH) Services in India”, Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, December 23, 2020.
[73] “Advisory on advertisements on online gaming, fantasy sports”, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, December 4, 2020, https://mib.gov.in/sites/default/files/Advisory.pdf.
[74] The Private Security Agencies Central Model Rules, 2020 http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/223767.pdf.
[75] National Fisheries Policy, 2020, Department of Fisheries, December 31, 2020, http://dof.gov.in/sites/default/files/2020-12/Policy_0.pdf.
[76] National Fisheries Policy, 2020, National Fisheries Development Board, Department of Fisheries, February 6, 2020, http://nfdb.gov.in/PDF/National_Fisheries_Policy_2020.pdf.
[77] “Cabinet approves assistance of about Rs. 3,500 crore for sugarcane farmers (Ganna Kisan)”, Press Information Bureau, Department of Food and Public Distribution, December 16, 2020.
[78] “Cabinet approves modified scheme to enhance ethanol distillation capacity in the country”, Press Information Bureau, The Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution, December 30, 2020.
[79] “Government intervenes to support sugar sector and sugarcane farmers by means of enhancement and augmentation of ethanol production capacity”, Press Information Bureau, The Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution, March 7, 2019.
[80] Policy on School Bag 2020, Ministry of Education, December 2020, https://www.education.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/School_Bag_Policy_2020.pdf.
[81] National Education Policy 2020, Ministry of Education, https://www.education.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/NEP_Final_English_0.pdf.
[82] Government constitutes High-level Ministerial Committee for implementation of Paris Agreement, Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, December 2, 2020.
[83] Union Government for the first time lays down Rights to the Electricity Consumers through “Electricity (Rights of Consumers) Rules, 2020”, Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Power, December 21, 2020.
[84] The Electricity (Rights of Consumers) Rules, 2020, Ministry of Power, https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/userfiles/final%20-%20Copy%202.pdf.
[85] Office Memorandum: Guidelines for Implementation of Feeder Level Solarisation under Component - C of PM-KUSUM Scheme, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, December 4, 2020, https://mnre.gov.in/img/documents/uploads/file_f-1607073371212.pdf.
[86] Pradhan Mantri Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahaabhiyaan (PM-KUSUM), Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, https://mnre.gov.in/solar/schemes/.
[87] Order No. 32/645/2017-SPV Division – “Scale-up and expansion of Pradhan Mantri Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahaabhiyaan (PM-KUSUM), Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, November 4, 2020, https://mnre.gov.in/img/documents/uploads/file_f1604916951612.pdf.
[88] “Revised Technology Transfer Policy and Guidelines 2020”, Department of Space, December 2, 2020, https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tt_approved_policy_2020-with_cover_for_public_feedback_1.pdf.
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