Highlights of this Issue
Monsoon Session 2021 begins: 26 Bills listed for passing
The Monsoon Session 2021 began on July 19, 2021 and is scheduled to have 19 sittings. Bills listed for passing include the IBC (Amendment) Bill, 2021, Essential Defence Services Bill, 2021, and the Inland Vessels Bill, 2021.
Three Bills passed by Parliament; four Bills passed by one House
Bills passed by Parliament include Juvenile Justice Amendment Bill, 2021, IBC (Amendment) Bill, 2021, and Factoring Regulation (Amendment) Bill, 2020. Bills passed by Lok Sabha include Inland Vessels Bill, 2021.
Eight Bills introduced in Parliament
Six Bills were introduced in Lok Sabha, including the General Insurance Business (Nationalisation) Amendment Bill, 2021, and Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (Amendment) Bill, 2021.
Retail inflation at 5.6% in the April-June quarter of 2021-22
Consumer Price Index inflation increased from 4.2% in April 2021 to 6.3% in June 2021. Wholesale Price Index inflation increased from 10.7% in April 2021 to 12.1% in June 2021.
First Supplementary Budget for 2021-22 passed by Lok Sabha
Rs 23,675 crore of incremental cash outgo has been approved (0.7% of the 2021-22 budget estimate). Of this, Rs 15,750 crore will be spent on the COVID-19 emergency response and health system preparedness package.
Supreme Court strikes down some provisions of 2021 Tribunals Reforms Ordinance
The provisions specifying a four-year term for members and minimum age requirement of 50 years for their appointment were struck down.
Standing Committees on Labour, Commerce and Industry examine various subjects
The Committees submitted reports on the impact of COVID-19 on small businesses, intellectual property rights regime, and the functioning of National Institutes of Fashion Technology.
Standing Committee on Transport and Tourism submit reports on various subjects
The Committee submitted reports on subjects including status of aviation connectivity, role of National Highways, development of tourist spots, and development and conservation of museums and archaeological sites.
Reservation for OBCs and EWS approved in Quota Scheme on students of medicine
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare approved 27% reservation for Other Backward Classes, and 10% reservation for Economically Weaker Section in the All-India Quota Scheme for students of medicine and dentistry.
National Mission to achieve universal literacy and numeracy by 2026-27 launched
The Mission seeks to equip every child with ability to read, write, perform basic mathematical operations, and learn basic life skills, for children latest by fifth grade.
Retail and wholesale trade activities eligible for MSME classification
Retail and wholesale trade activities have been included back in the list of activities eligible for MSME after being excluded in 2017. Benefit to these sectors will be restricted to priority sector lending only.
Comments invited on draft Drone Rules
The draft Rules cap the weight of drones at 500 kilogram, remove license requirements for student remote pilots, and enable the central government to publish a machine-readable airspace map for India.
Parliament
Shruti Gupta (shruti@prsindia.org)
Parliament’s Monsoon Session 2021 commences
The Monsoon Session 2021 of Parliament commenced on July 19, 2021.[1] It is scheduled to have 19 sittings and conclude on August 13, 2021. 26 Bills are listed for consideration and passing during this session. These include the DNA Technology (Use and Application) Regulation Bill, 2019, the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens (Amendment) Bill, 2019, and the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Bill, 2020. So far, four Bills have been passed by Parliament. These are: (i) the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Amendment Bill, 2021, (ii) the Factoring Regulation (Amendment) Bill, 2020, (iii) the Marine Aids to Navigation Bill, 2021, and (iv) the National Institutes of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management Bill, 2021.
Of the 26 Bills listed for passing, 17 Bills are proposed to be introduced during the session. These include three Bills to replace Ordinances: (i) the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Bill, 2021, (ii) the Essential Defence Services Bill, 2021, and (iii) the Commission for Air Quality Management in National Capital Region and Adjoining Areas Bill, 2021. Eight Bills have been introduced in Parliament so far, including the Inland Vessels Bill, 2021, the General Insurance Business (Nationalisation) Amendment Bill, 2021, and Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (Amendment) Bill, 2021.
So far, Lok Sabha has passed three Bills that are now pending in Rajya Sabha: (i) the Airports Economic Regulatory Authority of India (Amendment) Bill, 2021, (ii) the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Bill, 2021, and (iii) the Inland Vessels Bill, 2021. In addition, the Lok Sabha approved the supplementary budget for 2021-22 (a cash outgo of Rs 23,675 crore). Rajya Sabha has passed the Coconut Development Board (Amendment) Bill, 2021, which is now pending in Lok Sabha. Rajya Sabha also had a short-duration discussion on the management of the COVID-19 pandemic.
For more details on the legislative agenda for the Monsoon Session 2021, please see here.
COVID-19
As of July 31, 2021, there were 3,16,55,824 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in India.[2] Of these, 3,08,20,521 (97%) had been cured/discharged and 4,24,351 (1%) persons had died. As of July 31, 2021, 36,68,06,160 people have received the first dose of a vaccine, and 10,34,92,436 people have been fully vaccinated.[3] For details on the number of daily cases in the country and across states, please see here.
Guidelines issued to state governments for management of COVID-19 pandemic
Omir Kumar (omir@prsindia.org)
In June 2021, the Ministry of Home Affairs had issued guidelines to state and union territory governments regarding the management of COVID-19 pandemic.[4] These guidelines were originally applicable till July 2021.[5] The applicability of these guidelines has been extended till August 31, 2021.4
The Ministry has been revising these guidelines periodically since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Key requirements for states and union territories under the guidelines include: (i) adequate testing and tracking of COVID cases, (ii) establishing evidence-based framework to identify containment zones, and (iii) adherence to COVID appropriate behaviour (social distancing, use of face covers, and work from home measures).[6] Key features of the guidelines include the following:
Second Phase of COVID-19 Emergency Response and Health Systems Preparedness Package approved
Omir Kumar (omir@prsindia.org)
The Union Cabinet approved the second phase of the COVID-19 Emergency Response and Health System Preparedness Package.[7] The first phase of the scheme was announced in March 2020.[8] The second phase of the scheme aims to accelerate health system preparedness for early detection, prevention, and management of COVID-19 with focus on paediatric care.
Financial outlay for the second phase is Rs 23,123 crore for the year 2021-22. This includes: (i) Rs 15,000 crore under central share, and (ii) Rs 8,123 crore under state share.7
Eligibility of passengers under India-USA air bubble revised
Omir Kumar (omir@prsindia.org)
The Ministry of Civil Aviation revised the eligibility of passengers travelling in flights under India - United States America (USA) air bubble arrangement.[9] This air bubble arrangement was created in September 2020.[10] An air bubble refers to temporary arrangements between the two countries for restarting commercial passenger services while regular international flights remain suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic.10
Earlier, stranded Indian nationals, Overseas Indian Citizen (OCI) cardholders (those with a USA passport), and foreign nationals (if eligible as per the Ministry of Home Affairs) were eligible to travel to India through the air bubble.
The revised eligibility criteria (i) remove the condition of having a USA passport for OCI cardholders, and (ii) allow a Person of Indian Origin (PIO) and any foreign national to travel to India for any purpose.
Aarogya Setu Data Access and Knowledge Sharing Protocol, 2020 extended up to May 2022
Omir Kumar (omir@prsindia.org)
In May 2020, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology had released the Aarogya Setu Data Access and Knowledge Sharing Protocol, 2020 in reference to the Aarogya Setu mobile application (app).[11] The Protocol was originally applicable up to November 10, 2020, and was later extended for another six months, up to May 10, 2021.[12] It has now been further extended for another 12 months, i.e., up to May 10, 2022.[13]
The Aarogya Setu app was launched by the central government in April 2020 to enable contact tracing (identification and monitoring of persons who are at a higher risk of being infected by COVID-19) and for users to assess their own risk of getting infected. The Protocol aims to ensure secure and efficient collection and sharing of data by the application to protect the personal data of individuals.
Macroeconomic Development
Tushar Chakrabarty (tushar@prsindia.org)
Retail inflation at 5.6% in April-June quarter of 2021-22
Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation increased from 4.2% in April 2021 to 6.3% in June 2021 (year-on-year).[14] CPI measures the change in prices of items at the retail level. The CPI basket includes items commonly consumed by households, such as food items, fuel, clothing, housing, and health services. Food and beverages have a share of 46% in the CPI basket. Food inflation increased from 1.9% in April 2021 to 5.2% in June 2021.
Wholesale Price Index (WPI) inflation increased from 10.7% in April 2021 to 12.1% in June 2021 (year-on-year).[15] WPI measures the average change in the prices of commodities for bulk sale at the early stage of transactions.
Figure 1: Inflation trends in Q1 2021-22 (% change, year-on-year)
Sources: MOSPI; Ministry of Commerce and Industry; PRS.
Finance
First Supplementary Budget for 2021-22 passed by Lok Sabha
Suyash Tiwari (suyash@prsindia.org)
The first Supplementary Demands for Grants (DFG) for 2021-22 was passed by Lok Sabha.[16] The Supplementary DFG propose an incremental cash outgo of Rs 23,675 crore, an increase of 0.7% in expenditure over the budget estimate of 2021-22 (Rs 34,83,236 crore). This additional amount will be spent on various areas, including:
In addition to the incremental cash outgo of Rs 23,675 crore, gross expenditure of Rs 1,63,527 crore was also approved in the Supplementary DFG. This gross expenditure does not require any additional cash outgo from the Consolidated Fund and will be met by the government through its savings, or increased revenue and recoveries. 97% of the gross expenditure (i.e., Rs 1,59,000 crore) will be used for providing back-to-back loans to states in lieu of the GST compensation grants for 2021-22. The loans are being provided to states as the GST compensation cess collection would be insufficient for meeting the compensation requirement of states.[17]
Factoring Regulation (Amendment) Bill, 2021 passed by Parliament
Tushar Chakrabarty (tushar@prsindia.org)
The Factoring Regulation (Amendment) Bill, 2021 was passed by Parliament.[18] It was introduced in Lok Sabha in September 2020. The Bill amends the Factoring Regulation Act, 2011 to widen the scope of entities which can engage in the factoring business. Factoring is a business where an entity (referred as factor) acquires the receivables of another entity (referred as assignor) for an amount. Key features of the Bill include:
For a PRS summary of the Bill, please see here.
The Standing Committee on Finance (Chair: Mr. Jayant Sinha) submitted its report on the Bill in February 2021.[19] It recommended that the Bill be amended to mandate the listing of receivables from central and state governments on the Trade Receivables Discounting System (TReDS) platform. This would ensure payments pending from the government to MSMEs are made available on a timely basis. It also recommended integrating the TReDS platform with the GST e-invoicing portal to enable automatic uploading of all GST invoices and real-time access to invoices. It noted that this would add a layer of authenticity making the TReDS platform attractive for factors, and improve the flow of credit to MSMEs
For a PRS summary of the Standing Committee report, please see here.
Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Bill passed by Lok Sabha
Tushar Chakrabarty (tushar@prsindia.org)
The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Bill, 2021 was passed by Lok Sabha.[20] The Bill amends the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, which provides for a time-bound process for resolving the insolvency of corporate debtors (within 330 days) called the Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP). The Bill introduces an alternate insolvency resolution process for Micro, Small, And Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), called the pre-Packaged Insolvency Resolution Process (PIRP). It replaces the Ordinance promulgated in April 2021.[21] Key features of the Bill include:
For a PRS summary of the Bill, please see here
Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (Amendment) Bill, 2021 introduced in Rajya Sabha
Suyash Tiwari (suyash@prsindia.org)
The Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (Amendment) Bill, 2021 was introduced in Rajya Sabha.[22] The Bill amends the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, 1961. The Act established the Corporation to provide insurance for bank deposits and guarantee credit given by banks and financial institutions. The Bill seeks to provide depositors time-bound access to their insured deposit amount, in case they are restricted from accessing their bank deposits.
For a PRS summary of the Bill, please see here.
The General Insurance Business (Nationalisation) Amendment Bill, 2021 introduced in Lok Sabha
Tushar Chakrabarty (tushar@prsindia.org)
The General Insurance Business (Nationalisation) Amendment Bill, 2021 was introduced in Lok Sabha.[23] The Bill seeks to amend the General Insurance Business (Nationalisation) Act, 1972.[24] The Act was enacted to nationalise all private companies undertaking general insurance business in India. The Bill seeks to provide for a greater private sector participation in the public sector insurance companies regulated under the Act. The 1972 Act set up the General Insurance Corporation of India (GIC). The businesses of the companies nationalised under the Act were restructured in four subsidiary companies of GIC: (i) National Insurance, (ii) New India Assurance, (iii) Oriental Insurance, and (iv) United India Insurance. The Act was subsequently amended in 2002 to transfer the control of these four subsidiary companies from GIC to the central government, thereby making them independent companies. Since 2000, GIC exclusively undertakes reinsurance business. Key features of the Bill include:
For a PRS summary of the Bill, please see here.
The Limited Liability Partnership (Amendment) Bill, 2021 introduced
Tushar Chakrabarty (tushar@prsindia.org)
The Limited Liability Partnership (Amendment) Bill, 2021 was introduced in Rajya Sabha.[25] The Bill seeks to amend the Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008.[26] The Act provides for regulation of limited liability partnerships (LLP). LLP is an alternative corporate body form to traditional partnership firms. Under LLP, a partner’s liabilities are limited to their investment in the business. The Bill converts certain offences into civil defaults and change the nature of punishment for these offences. It also defines small LLP, provides for appointment of certain adjudicating officers, and establishment of special courts. Key features of the Bill include:
For a PRS summary of the bill, please see here.
Framework for setting up international trade financing services released
Tushar Chakrabarty (tushar@prsindia.org)
The International Financial Services Centres Authority has released a framework for setting up International Trade Financing Services Platform (ITFS) at the international financial services centres.[27] These platforms will provide an electronic channel for facilitating the trade finance requirements of exporters and importers, through multiple financiers.
Details of the Retail Direct Scheme released by RBI
Tushar Chakrabarty (tushar@prsindia.org)
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released details of the Retail Direct Scheme which has been designed as a one-stop solution to facilitate investment by individual investors in government securities.[28] The facility was announced by RBI in February 2021 to improve ease of access for retail investors to government securities market.[29] The investors will be required to open and maintain a Retail Direct Gilt account (an account for government securities) with the RBI. The scheme will provide investors access to primary as well secondary market of government securities. Key details of the scheme include:
Amendments to the regulations on registration of Indian insurance companies notified
Tushar Chakrabarty (tushar@prsindia.org)
The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India notified amendments to the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (Registration of Indian Insurance Companies) Regulations, 2000.[30],[31] The amendments require certain key management persons of an Indian insurance company with foreign investment to be Indian citizens. It also adds some requirements for such companies with foreign investment in excess of 49%.
These amendments are aimed at harmonising the provisions with the Insurance (Amendment) Act, 2021.[32] The 2021 Act increased the limit on foreign investment in an Indian insurance company from 49% to 74%, and removed certain restrictions on ownership and control. Key amendments to the 2000 regulations include:
SEBI releases consultation paper on introduction of swing pricing mechanism in mutual fund schemes
Tushar Chakrabarty (tushar@prsindia.org)
The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) released a consultation paper on the introduction of swing pricing mechanism.[33] This seeks to ensure fair treatment of investors in mutual fund schemes, particularly during market dislocation. Mutual funds pool money from a large number of investors and use the funds to invest in stocks and bonds. Dislocation in financial markets occurs when assets are not priced correctly as the markets are operating under stress. Swing pricing refers to adjusting a fund’s net asset value to pass on transaction costs related to inflow or outflow of funds to the investors associated with the flow of such funds. This is done to protect existing investors from the dilution of their holdings in mutual funds.
SEBI has proposed to implement the framework of swing pricing for open-ended debt schemes. In an open-ended scheme, investors can buy and sell units on a continuous basis. Debt schemes invest in fixed income assets such as government and corporate bonds. The consultation paper suggests that during normal times, swing pricing will be optional. During market dislocation, it will be implemented in a phased manner. Redemptions up to two lakh rupees for all investors, and up to five lakh rupees for senior citizens are proposed to be exempt from the swing pricing framework.
Comments on the consultation paper are invited by August 20, 2021.
Transport
The Marine Aids to Navigation Bill, 2021 passed by Parliament
Shruti Gupta (shruti@prsindia.org)
The Marine Aids to Navigation Bill, 2021 was passed by Rajya Sabha.[34] Note that the Bill was passed by Lok Sabha in March 2021. The Bill seeks to provide a framework for the development, maintenance, and management of aids to navigation in India. It repeals the Lighthouse Act, 1927, which provides for the maintenance and control of lighthouses in India.34 Key features of the Bill include:
For a PRS summary of the Bill, please see here.
The Airports Economic Regulatory Authority of India (Amendment) Bill, 2021 passed by Lok Sabha
Shruti Gupta (shruti@prsindia.org)
The Airports Economic Regulatory Authority of India (Amendment) Bill, 2021 was passed by Lok Sabha.[35] It amends the Airports Economic Regulatory Authority of India Act, 2008. The 2008 Act established the Airport Economic Regulatory Authority (AERA). AERA regulates tariffs and other charges (such as airport development fees) for aeronautical services at major airports in India.
The 2008 Act designates an airport as a major airport if it has an annual passenger traffic of at least thirty-five lakh. The central government may also designate any airport as a major airport by a notification. The Bill adds that the central government may group airports and notify the group as a major airport.
Note that the Bill was examined by the Standing Committee on Transport, Tourism, and Culture, which did not recommend any changes to it.[36]
For a PRS summary of the Bill, please see here.
The Inland Vessels Bill, 2021 introduced in Lok Sabha
Rajat Asthana (rajat@prsindia.org)
The Inland Vessels Bill, 2021 was introduced in Lok Sabha.[37] It replaces the Inland Vessels Act, 1917.[38] The Act provides for the regulation of inland vessel navigation by states including the registration of vessels, and safe carriage of goods and passengers. The Bill seeks to introduce a uniform regulatory framework for inland vessel navigation across the country. Key features of the Bill include:
For a PRS summary of the Bill, please see here.
Standing Committee submits report on status of aviation connectivity
Shubham Dutt (shubham@prsindia.org)
The Standing Committee on Transport, Tourism and Culture (Chair: Mr. T.G. Venkatesh) submitted its report on the Status of Aviation Connectivity in the country.[39] Key observations and recommendations of the Committee include:
For a PRS summary of the Standing Committee report, please see here.
Standing Committee submitted report on role of highways in nation building
Rajat Asthana (rajat@prsindia.org)
The Standing Committee on Transport, Tourism and Culture (Chair: Mr. T.G. Venkatesh) submitted its report on the ‘Role of Highways in Nation Building’. The Committee suggested ways to reduce bottlenecks in completing highway projects. Key observations and recommendations of the Committee include:
For a PRS summary of the Standing Committee report, see here.
Standing Committee submits report on potential of tourist spots in the country
Shubham Dutt (shubham@prsindia.org)
The Standing Committee on Transport, Tourism and Culture (Chair: Mr. T.G. Venkatesh) submitted its report on the ‘Potential of Tourist Spots in the country - Connectivity and Outreach’.[40] Key observations and recommendations of the Committee include:
For a PRS summary of the Standing Committee report, please see here.
Three advisory groups constituted under the Ministry of Civil Aviation
Shruti Gupta (shruti@prsindia.org)
The Ministry of Civil Aviation constituted three advisory groups to address specific issues in the sector.[41],[42],[43] The groups have been formed to address issues within: (i) operation and viability of airlines, (ii) modernisation and capacity of airports, (iii) cargo transportation and maintenance of operations, and (iv) skilling of human resources. All three groups will be chaired by the Minister of Civil Aviation, and include the Minister of State for Civil Aviation, the Secretary to the Ministry, and the Director General of Civil Aviation as members. The composition and functions of the groups include:
Comments invited on draft Drone rules
Rajat Asthana (rajat@prsindia.org)
The Ministry of Civil Aviation invited public comments on the draft Drone Rules, 2021.[44] The draft Rules have been published under the Aircraft Act, 1934 and seek to replace the Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Rules, 2021.[45] The Act regulates the production, possession, operation, and sale of civilian aircraft in India.[46] The UAS Rules regulated the ownership and operation of remotely operable and autonomous aircraft. The draft Rules seek to reduce the approvals and restrictions involved in operating drones. Key features include:
Comments on the draft Rules are invited by August 5, 2021.
Comments invited on draft central motor vehicles rules; draft standard for accreditation of testing agencies notified
Rajat Asthana (rajat@prsindia.org)
The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways released the draft Central Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Rules, 2021.[47] The draft Rules have been published under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 and seek to amend the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989.[48] The Act regulates the grant of driving licenses, and standards for motor vehicles.[49] The Rules mandate prototypes of all motor vehicles to be tested to gain approval for manufacturing. The Rules further specify that these vehicles may be tested at recognised testing agencies. The draft Rules seek to notify a new standard for accreditation of testing agencies. Key features include:
Comments on the draft Rules are invited by August 26, 2021.
Scheme providing subsidy to Indian shipping companies approved
Shruti Gupta (shruti@prsindia.org)
The Union Cabinet approved a scheme providing subsidy to Indian shipping companies applying for global tenders floated by central Ministries and Public Sector Establishments for import of cargo.[50] Rs 1,624 crore has been allocated for its implementation between 2021-26. Key features include the following:
Women and Child Development
Shruti Gupta (shruti@prsindia.org)
The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection) Amendment Bill, 2021 passed
The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Amendment Bill, 2021 was passed by Rajya Sabha.[51] The Bill was passed by Lok Sabha in March 2021. The Bill amends the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015. The Act contains provisions related to children in conflict with law and children in need of care and protection.[52] The Bill seeks to introduce measures for strengthening the child protection setup. Key amendments include:
For a PRS analysis of the Bill, please see here.
Agriculture
Parliament passes a Bill to accord the national importance tag to NIFTEMs
Suyash Tiwari (suyash@prsindia.org)
The National Institutes of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management Bill, 2019 (NIFTEM Bill) was passed by Parliament.[53] The Bill declares the following institutes of food technology, entrepreneurship, and management as institutions of national importance: (i) NIFTEM Kundli, and (ii) the Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur (to be named as NIFTEM Thanjavur).
For a PRS summary of the Bill, please see here.
Rajya Sabha passes Coconut Development Board (Amendment) Bill, 2021
Shashank Srivastava (shashank@prsindia.org)
The Coconut Development Board (Amendment) Bill, 2021 was passed by Rajya Sabha.[54] The Bill amends the Coconut Development Board Act, 1979. The Act established the Coconut Development Board for the development of the coconut industry. The Bill seeks to amend the composition of the Coconut Development Board to improve its management and administration. Key features of the Bill include:
For a PRS summary of the Bill, please see here.
Cabinet approves continuation of various schemes under livestock sector package
Suyash Tiwari (suyash@prsindia.org)
The Union Cabinet approved the continuation of various schemes related to animal husbandry and dairying till 2025-26, under a special livestock sector package.[55] Under the package, all schemes of the Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying will be merged into three categories:
Rs 9,800 crore has been approved for the livestock sector package for the period 2021-26.
Stock limits imposed on all pulses (except moong) till October 31, 2021
Shashank Srivastava (shashank@prsindia.org)
The Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution issued an order under Essential Commodities Act, 1955 to impose stock limits on certain pulses till October 31, 2020.[56] These pulses are tur, masoor, urad, and chana. The Act empowers the central government to control production, supply, distribution, storage, and trade of essential commodities. Stock limits are generally imposed in order control the price of essential commodities when there is a sharp increase in the prices.
The stock limits are applicable in the following manner: (i) 500 Metric Tonne (MT) for wholesalers (provided there should not be more than 200 MT of one variety), (ii) 5 MT for retailers, and (iii) production during the last six months or 50% of annual installed capacity, whichever is higher, for millers.
In case the stocks held by an entity exceed the prescribed limits, they must declare them on the online portal of the Department of Consumer Affairs. The stocks have to be brought within the prescribed stock limit by August 19, 2021.
Defence
Suyash Tiwari (suyash@prsindia.org)
Essential Defence Services Bill, 2021 introduced in Lok Sabha
The Essential Defence Services Bill, 2021 was introduced in Lok Sabha.[57] The Bill replaces an Ordinance promulgated in June 2021.[58] The Bill allows the central government to prohibit strikes, lock-outs, and lay-offs in units engaged in essential defence services. Key features of the Bill include:
For a PRS summary of the Bill, please see here.
Environment
Aditya Kumar (aditya@prsindia.org)
Bill to set up a Commission for air quality management in NCR and adjoining areas introduced in Lok Sabha
The Commission for Air Quality Management in National Capital Region and Adjoining Areas Bill, 2021 was introduced in Lok Sabha.[59] The Bill provides for the constitution of a Commission for better co-ordination, research, identification, and resolution of problems related to air quality in the National Capital Region (NCR) and adjoining areas. Adjoining areas have been defined as areas in Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh, adjoining the National Capital Territory of Delhi and NCR, where any source of pollution may cause adverse impact on air quality in the NCR. The Bill also dissolves the Environment Pollution Prevention and Control Authority established in the NCR in 1998. An Ordinance establishing a similar Commission was promulgated in October 2020.[60] It lapsed in March 2021 and was repromulgated in April 2021.[61] The Bill repeals the 2021 Ordinance. Key features of the Bill include:59
For a PRS summary of the Bill, please see here.
Validity of environmental clearance in cases of mining lease transfers revised
The Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change revised the validity of the environmental clearance for mining lease transfers.[62] Earlier, in case of transfer of an expiring mining lease, the environmental clearance was deemed to be transferred to the new lessee.[63] In such cases, the clearance remained valid till a new clearance was obtained by the new lessee.63 The new lessee was required to obtain fresh clearance within two years from the date of grant of the mining lease. The amendments specify that in case of such transfers, the environment clearance certificates will be deemed transferred, however, it will be valid only up to its original validity period.62 Further, the new lessee is required to: (i) register on the PARIVESH portal, and (ii) submit an undertaking for compliance with all conditions of the transferred environmental clearance.62 PARIVESH portal is a web-based platform to obtain environmental, forest, wildlife, and coastal regulation zone clearances.[64]
Law and Justice
Supreme Court passes judgement on the Tribunals Reforms Ordinance, 2021
Aditya Kumar (aditya@prsindia.org)
The Supreme Court passed a judgement on several aspects of the Tribunals Reforms (Rationalisation and Conditions of Service) Ordinance, 2021.[65] The Ordinance was promulgated in April 2021 to abolish nine tribunals and transfer their functions to existing judicial bodies (mainly High Courts).[66] It also amended the Finance Act, 2017 to prescribe the terms and conditions of service for members and the composition of the search-cum-selection committee.66 Earlier, these provisions were notified in rules under the 2017 Act. Key observations of the Court include:65
Supreme Court strikes down provisions of the Constitution (97th Amendment) Act
Omir Kumar (omir@prsindia.org)
The Supreme Court read down the Constitution (97th Amendment) Act, 2011 in relation to state cooperative societies.[67] The Act added Part IX-B to the Constitution to ensure autonomous and democratic functioning of cooperatives.[68] The Act empowers the state legislatures to enact laws for incorporation, regulation, winding up of cooperatives. In 2013, the Gujarat High Court had struck down the Act on the grounds that it was not ratified by half of the state legislatures under Article 368 (2). It noted that since cooperative societies is a State Subject, the Act violates the Constitution in absence of ratification by state legislatures.
The Supreme Court, while hearing an appeal upheld the Gujarat High Court judgement in relation to state cooperative societies. However, the court upheld the provisions of the Act in relation to multi-state cooperative societies. The Court held that as multi-state cooperative societies exist across states or union territories, these fall under the Union List, laid down in the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution.
Cabinet approves continuation of scheme for development of judicial infrastructure
Omir Kumar (omir@prsindia.org)
The Union Cabinet approved the continuation of the centrally sponsored scheme for Development of Infrastructure Facilities for Judiciary for the period 2021-26.[69] The scheme has been operational since 1993-94. Under the scheme, the central government provides resources to the state governments for construction of court buildings and residential quarters for Judicial Officers. The cost of the scheme is estimated to be Rs 9,000 crore for 2021-26, of which Rs 5,357 crore will be provided by the central government. During 2021-26, the funds will be used to develop infrastructure facilities in district and subordinate courts. The funds will be used to construct: (i) 3,800 court halls, (ii) 4,000 residential units for judicial officers, (iii) 1,450 lawyers’ halls, (iv) 1,450 toilet complexes, and (v) 3,800 digital computer rooms.
In addition, the government has allocated Rs 50 crore for operationalisation of Gram Nyayalayas. Gram Nyayalayas ensure speedy and easy access to justice system in the rural areas of India.
Commerce
Shruti Gupta (shruti@prsindia.org)
Standing Committee submits report on Intellectual Property Rights regime
Standing Committee on Commerce (Chair: Mr. Vijayasai Reddy) submitted its report on the subject ‘Review of the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Regime in India’.[70] IPR are rights given to creators of goods gained from scientific development, artistic work, or original research, which give the creators exclusive right over its use for a certain period. Key observations and recommendations include:
For a PRS summary of the Standing Committee report, please see here.
MSMEs
Shashank Srivastava (shashank@prsindia.org)
Standing Committee submits report on the impact of COVID-19 on MSMEs
The Standing Committee on Industry (Chair: Dr. K Keshava Rao) submitted its report on the subject ‘Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on MSME Sector and mitigation strategy adopted to counter it’.[71] Key observations and recommendations of the Committee include:
For a PRS summary of the Standing Committee report, please see here.
Retail and wholesale trade activities to be eligible for classification as MSMEs
Retail and wholesale trade activities have been included back in the list of activities eligible for classification as Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) under the MSME Development Act, 2006.[72] In June 2017, these activities had been excluded from this list.[73] Enterprises are classified as MSMEs based on composite criteria of annual turnover, and investment in plants, machinery, or equipment.[74]
The Ministry of MSMEs notified that the benefits to retail and wholesale trade MSMEs will be restricted to priority sector lending only. Under priority sector lending, banks (and foreign banks with at least 20 branches) are required to devote 40% of net bank credit for certain priority sector areas such as agriculture and MSMEs.[75] In general, MSMEs receive benefits such as interest subsidy on loans, credit guarantee, capital subsidy for technology upgradation, market development assistance, and protection against delayed payment.[76]
Culture
Shruti Gupta (shruti@prsindia.org)
Standing Committee submits report on development and conservation of museums and archaeological sites
The Standing Committee on Transport, Tourism, and Culture (Chair: Mr. T.G. Venkatesh) submitted its report on the subject ‘Development and Conservation of Museums and Archaeological sites - Challenges and Opportunities’.[77] Key observations and recommendations include:
For a PRS summary of the Standing Committee report, please see here.
Labour
Omir Kumar (omir@prsindia.org)
Standing Committee submits report on functioning of National Institute of Fashion Technology
The Standing Committee on Labour (Chair: Mr. Bhartruhari Mahtab) submitted its report on the functioning of National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT).[78] The Committee assessed the performance of NIFT in promoting education and research in fashion technology and examined the need of government support required by it. NIFT is an institute of fashion education with seventeen campuses setup across the country. It was made a statutory institute in 2006 by the NIFT Act, 2006. NIFT provides professional human resources to the textile and apparel industry. Key observations and recommendations of the Committee include:
For a PRS summary of the Standing Committee report, please see here
Education
Reservation for OBCs and EWS approved in All India Quota Scheme in medical education
Omir Kumar (omir@prsindia.org)
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare approved 27% reservation for Other Backward Classes (OBCs), and 10% reservation for Economically Weaker Section in the All-India Quota Scheme from 2021-22 onwards.[79] The central list of OBCs will be used for this reservation. The reservation will be provided at the undergraduate (UG) and postgraduate (PG) level, for students of medicine and dentistry.
The All-India Quota scheme provides domicile-free merit-based opportunities to students for studying in medical colleges located in another State. All-India Quota consists of 15% of total UG seats and 50% of total PG seats in government medical colleges. Note that the Central Educational Institutions (Reservation in Admission) Act, 2006 provided uniform 27% reservation to OBCs in all central educational institutions.[80] However, this had not extended to the All-India Quota seats of state medical and dental colleges.
National Mission to achieve universal foundational literacy and numeracy by 2026-27 launched
Rajat Asthana (rajat@prsindia.org)
The National Education Policy 2020 aims to achieve universal foundational literacy and numeracy in primary school by 2025.[81] This implies that every child, by grade 3, must be able to read with comprehension, write, perform basic mathematical operations, and learn basic life skills. To achieve this by 2026-27, a national mission named National Initiative for Proficiency in Reading with Understanding and Numeracy (NIPUN Bharat) has been launched.[82]
The Mission specifies yearly targets for achieving learning outcome at various grade levels. To track the progress of students, School-based Assessment and large-scale standardised assessment will be conducted. Training for teachers will focus on bridging the language barrier, and encouraging peer learning.[83] A five-tier structure will be in place for implementing the scheme (at the national, state, district, block, and school levels). The responsibilities at the National level include: (i) preparing a list of measurable learning outcomes, by subject for each grade, (ii) preparing tool kits for measuring proficiency levels, and (iii) creating robust information technology systems to monitor and track progress of the mission. States would be responsible for (i) creating yearly action plans to achieve foundational literacy and numeracy targets, (ii) ensuring availability of adequate number of teachers in each school at each grade, and (iii) identifying and working with partners.
Regulations for Academic Bank of Credits notified
Rajat Asthana (rajat@prsindia.org)
The University Grants Commission (UGC) notified the University Grants Commission (Establishment and Operation of Academic Bank of Credits in Higher Education) Regulations, 2021.[84] The regulations establish an Academic Bank of Credits, which will be an online entity to store student's academic credits from all registered Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs). It will enable a credit transfer mechanism, which will allow students to structure their higher educational degree as per their choice of time, place and level of learning. Note that the establishment of an ABC was proposed in the National Education Policy 2020.[85] Key features of the Academic Bank of Credits include:
Health
Aditya Kumar (aditya@prsindia.org)
Comments invited on unified health interface
The National Health Authority invited comments on the Unified Health Interface (UHI).[86] UHI is one of the building blocks of the National Digital Health Ecosystem (NDHE). NDHE refers to the eco-system of data and infrastructure aimed at achieving universal health coverage using data systems, and health infrastructure.[87] It also aims to ensure security, confidentiality, and privacy of health‐related personal information. UHI is aimed at enabling digital health services in this eco-system. Key aspects of the UHI include:86
A technical expert committee will be created to formulate, design, and publish initial UHI open protocols. These protocols will be adopted after a consultation with experts (from government, academia, and industry), and public.
Comments on the UHI are invited until August 23, 2021.
New and Renewable Energy
Aditya Kumar (aditya@prsindia.org)
NITI Aayog report on renewables integration in India released
The NITI Aayog released a report on “Renewables Integration in India”.[88] Renewable integration refers to incorporating generation, transmission, and distribution of renewable energy in the mainstream power system. The report recommends ways to integrate the increasing share of renewable energy capacity. The report observed that the solar and wind energy will contribute significantly to achieving renewables targets of 2030 (450 gigawatt) in India. Key observations and recommendations include the following:
For PRS summary of the report, please see here.
Communication
Omir Kumar (omir@prsindia.org)
Standard Operating Procedure released for personalisation of SIM cards
The Department of Communications released the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for personalisation of SIM cards.[89] Personalisation refers to the loading of operating system including details from licensed telecom operator and keys into the chipset. The SOP will be applicable to the telecom service providers and SIM manufacturers. Key features of the SOP include the following:
[1] Parliament Session Alert, July 15, 2021, https://prsindia.org/sessiontrack/monsoon-session-2021/session-alert.
[2] Ministry of Health and Family Welfare website, last accessed on August 1, 2021, https://www.mohfw.gov.in/index.html.
[3] “Cumulative Coverage Report of COVID-19 Vaccination”, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, August 1, 2021, https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/CummulativeCovidVaccinationReport31july2021.pdf.
[4] Order No 40-3/2020-DM-I (A), Ministry of Home Affairs, July 28, 2021, https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/MHAOrder_extendexistingorder_28072021.pdf.
[5] Order No 40-3/2020-DM-I (A), Ministry of Home Affairs, June 29, 2021, https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/MHAOrder_2962021.pdf.
[6] Order No 40-3/2020-DM I (A), Ministry of Home Affairs, April 29, 2021, https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/MHAOrder_29042021.pdf.
[7] Cabinet approves "India COVID 19 Emergency Response and Health Systems Preparedness Package: Phase II” at a cost of Rs 23,123 crore, Press Information Bureau, July 8, 2021, https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1733841.
[8] “Government Reforms and Enablers, Major announcements and policy reforms under Aatma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan”, MyGov, May 17, 2020, https://blog.mygov.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Aatma-Nirbhar-Bharat-Presentation-Part-5.pdf.
[9] Order No AV- 12014/1/2020-A, Ministry of Civil Aviation, July 19, 2021, https://www.civilaviation.gov.in/sites/default/files/India-USA-Bubble.pdf.
[10] “India has Air Bubble Agreements with 10 Countries”, Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Civil Aviation, Sep 17, 2020, https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1655673#:~:text=India%20has%20entered%20into%20Air,2020.
[11] No.2 (10)/2020-CLeS, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, May 11, 2020, https://www.meity.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Aarogya_Setu_data_access_knowledge_Protocol.pdf.
[12] No.2 (10)/2020-CLeS, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, November 10, 2020, https://www.meity.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Order_ arogya_Setu10112020.pdf.
[13] “Notification of the Aarogya Setu Data Access and Knowledge Sharing Protocol, 2020 in light of the COVID-19 pandemic”, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, July 29, 2021, https://www.meity.gov.in/content/notification-aarogya-setu-data-access-and-knowledge-sharing-protocol-2020-light-covid-19-0.
[14] “CPI Index Current Series (Base 2012) – Jan 2013 onwards”, Website of Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, as accessed on July 23, 2021, http://164.100.34.62:8080/TimeSeries_2012.aspx.
[15] “Index Files for WPI Series (Base: 2011-12)”, Website of the Office of the Economic Advisor, Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, as accessed on July 23, 2021, https://eaindustry.nic.in/download_data_1112.asp.
[16] First Supplementary Demands for Grants for Expenditure of the Central Government in 2021-22, Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance, July 20, 2021, https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/Final%20%281st%20Suppl.%29.pdf.
[17] “₹75,000 crore released to States and UTs with Legislature as GST Compensation shortfall”, Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Finance, July 15, 2021.
[18] Factoring Regulation (Amendment) Bill, 2021, Ministry of Finance, July 26, 2021, http://164.100.47.4/BillsTexts/LSBillTexts/PassedLoksabha/115-C_2020_LS_Eng.pdf.
[19] 24th Report: The Factoring Regulation (Amendment) Bill, 2020, Standing Committee on Finance, February 3, 2021, http://164.100.47.193/lsscommittee/Finance/17_Finance_24.pdf.
[20] Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Bill, 2021, Ministry of Corporate Affairs, July 26, 2021, http://164.100.47.4/BillsTexts/LSBillTexts/Asintroduced/104_2021_LS_Eng.pdf.
[21] Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021, Ministry of Corporate Affairs, April 4, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bill_track/2021-04-04/IBC%20Ordinance%202021.pdf.
[22] The Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (Amendment) Bill, 2021, Ministry of Finance, July 30, 2021, http://164.100.47.4/BillsTexts/RSBillTexts/asintroduced/deposit%20insurance-E.pdf.
[23] The General Insurance Business (Nationalisation) Amendment Bill, 2021, Ministry of Finance, Lok Sabha, July 30, 2021, http://164.100.47.4/BillsTexts/LSBillTexts/Asintroduced/115_2021_LS_Eng.pdf.
[24] The General Insurance Business (Nationalisation) Act, 1972, Legislative Department, Ministry of Law and Justice, https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1972-57.pdf.
[25] The Limited Liability Partnership (Amendment) Bill, 2021, Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Rajya Sabha, July 30, 2021, http://164.100.47.4/BillsTexts/RSBillTexts/asintroduced/LLP%20as%20int-E.pdf.
[26] The Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008, Legislative Department, Ministry of Law and Justice, https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/The%20Limited%20Liability%20Partnership%20Act,%202008.pdf.
[27] Framework for setting up of International Trade Financing Services Platform (‘ITFS’) for providing Trade Finance Services at International Financial Services Centres, International Financial Services Centres Authority, July 9, 2021, https://ifsca.gov.in/Viewer/Index/197.
[28] Retail Direct Scheme: Allowing Retail Investors to Open Gilt Accounts with RBI, Reserve Bank of India, July 12, 2021, https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/PressRelease/PDFs/PR518EFB79D5C944E4EDD8D774AA57DE846F0.PDF.
[29] Statement on Developmental and Regulatory Policies, Reserve Bank of India, February 5, 2021, https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx?prid=51078.
[30] IRDAI (Indian Insurance Companies) (Amendment) Regulations, 2021, Website of Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India, July 9, 2021, https://www.irdai.gov.in/ADMINCMS/cms/whatsNew_Layout.aspx?page=PageNo4524&flag=1.
[31] Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (Registration of Indian Insurance Companies) Regulations, 2000, Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India, https://www.irdai.gov.in/ADMINCMS/cms/Uploadedfiles/Regulations/Consolidated/IRDA%20(Registration%20of%20Indian%20Insurance%20Companies)%20Regulations2000.pdf.
[32] Insurance (Amendment) Act, 2021, Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India, https://www.irdai.gov.in/ADMINCMS/cms/frmGeneral_NoYearLayout.aspx?page=PageNo4425.
[33] Consultation Paper on Introduction of Swing Pricing, Website of Securities and Exchange Board of India, July 19, 2021, https://www.sebi.gov.in/reports-and-statistics/reports/jul-2021/consultation-paper-for-introduction-of-swing-pricing_51234.html.
[34] The Marine Aids To Navigation Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bill_track/2021-03-15/The%20Marine%20Aids%20To%20Navigation%20Bill,%202021.pdf.
[35] The Airports Economic Regulatory Authority of India (Amendment) Bill, 2021, as introduced in Lok Sabha on March 24, 2021, http://164.100.47.4/BillsTexts/LSBillTexts/Asintroduced/77_2021_LS_Eng.pdf.
[36] Report No. 292: The Airports Economic Regulatory Authority of India (Amendment) Bill, 2021, Standing Committee on Transport, Tourism, and Culture, July 22, 2021, https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Committee_site/Committee_File/ReportFile/20/148/292_2021_7_16.pdf.
[37] The Inland Vessels Bill, 2021, Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, July 22, 2021, http://164.100.47.4/BillsTexts/LSBillTexts/Asintroduced/99_2021_LS_Eng.pdf.
[38] The Inland Vessels Act, 1917, Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1917-01.pdf.
[39] Report no. 293, Standing Committee on Transport, Tourism and Culture: ‘Status of Aviation Connectivity in the country’, Rajya Sabha, July 23, 2021, https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Committee_site/Committee_File/ReportFile/20/148/293_2021_7_12.pdf.
[40] 1 Report no. 295, Standing Committee on Transport, Tourism and Culture: ‘Potential of Tourist Spots in the country – Connectivity and Outreach’, Rajya Sabha, July 27, 2021, https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Committee_site/Committee_File/ReportFile/20/148/295_2021_7_14.pdf.
[41] No. A. 29017/41/2021, Ministry of Civil Aviation, July 20, 2021, https://www.civilaviation.gov.in/sites/default/files/DOC072021-07202021101640.pdf.
[42] No. A. 60015/170/2021-AD, Ministry of Civil Aviation, July 20, 2021, https://www.civilaviation.gov.in/sites/default/files/Constitution_of_Civil_Aviation_Advisory_Group_of_Airports.pdf.
[43] No: AV-16011/4/2021, Ministry of Civil Aviation, July 19, 2021, https://www.civilaviation.gov.in/sites/default/files/Order-Advisory-Group.pdf.
[44] Draft Drone Rules 2021, Ministry of Civil Aviation, July 2021, https://www.civilaviation.gov.in/sites/default/files/Draft_Drones_Rules_14_Jul_2021.pdf.
[45] Unmanned Aircraft System Rules, 2021, Ministry of Civil Aviation, March 12, 2021, https://www.dgca.gov.in/digigov-portal/?page=jsp/dgca/InventoryList/RegulationGuidance/Rules/The%20Unmanned%20Aircraft%20System%20Rules/UAS%20Rules,%202021.pdf.
[46] The Aircraft Act, 1934, Ministry of Civil Aviation, https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1934-22_0.pdf.
[47] Procedure for Accreditation of Testing Agencies for Notification under Rule 126 of CMVR, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, July 27, 2021, https://morth.nic.in/sites/default/files/notifications_document/PROCEDURE%20FOR%20ACCREDITATION%20RULE%20126%20CMVR.pdf.
[48] Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways.
[49] The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/1798/1/AAA59__1988.pdf.
[50] Cabinet approves scheme for promotion of flagging of merchant ships in India by providing subsidy support to Indian shipping companies in global tenders floated by Ministries and CPSEs, Press Information Bureau, Cabinet, July 14, 2021.
[51] The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Amendment Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bill_track/2021-03-15/The%20Juvenile%20Justice%20(Care%20And%20Protection%20Of%20Children)%20Amendment%20Bill,%202021.pdf.
[52] The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015, http://cara.nic.in/PDF/JJ%20act%202015.pdf.
[53] The National Institutes of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management Bill, 2019, as passed by Rajya Sabha, March 15, 2021, http://164.100.47.4/BillsTexts/RSBillTexts/PassedRajyaSabha/NIFTM%20As%20passed%20by%20RS%2015032021-E.pdf.
[54] The Coconut Development Board (Amendment) Bill, 2021, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, July 29, 2021, http://164.100.47.4/BillsTexts/RSBillTexts/asintroduced/coconut%20as%20int-E.pdf.
[55] “Cabinet approves Revising and Realigning various components of Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying Schemes and Special livestock package for leveraging investment of Rs 54,618 crore”, Press Information Bureau, Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs, July 14, 2021.
[56] “CG-DL-E-19072021-228359”, Gazette of India, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution, July 19, 2021, https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2021/228359.pdf.
[57] The Essential Defence Services Bill, 2021, Ministry of Defence, July 22, 2021, http://164.100.47.4/BillsTexts/LSBillTexts/Asintroduced/101_2021_LS_Eng.pdf.
[58] The Essential Defence Services Ordinance, 2021, Ministry of Defence, June 30, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bill_track/2021-06-30/Essential%20Defence%20Services%20Ordinance,%202021.pdf.
[59] The Commission for Air Quality Management in National Capital Region and Adjoining Areas Bill, 2021, as introduced in Lok Sabha on July 30, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bill_track/2021-07-30/Delhi%20NCR%20Air%20Pollution%20Bill%20Text.pdf
[60] The Commission for Air Quality Management in National Capital Region and Adjoining Areas Ordinance, 2020, October 28, 2020, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_parliament/Commission%20for%20Air%20Quality%20Management%20in%20National%20Capital%20Region%20and%20Adjoining%20Areas%20Ordinance,%202020.pdf.
[61] The Commission for Air Quality Management in National Capital Region and Adjoining Areas Ordinance, 2021, April 13, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bill_track/2021-04-13/Air%20Pollution%20Ordinance%202021.pdf.
[62] S.O. 2817 (E), Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, July 13, 2021, https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2021/228273.pdf.
[63] S.O. 1224 (E), Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, March 28, 2020, https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/218948.pdf.
[64] About PARIVESH, PARIVESH website as accessed on July 23, 2021, https://parivesh.nic.in/.
[65] Madras Bar Association vs Union of India, W.P.(C) No. 502 of 2021, Supreme Court of India, July 14, 2021, https://main.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2021/10688/10688_2021_36_1501_28573_Judgement_14-Jul-2021.pdf.
[66] The Tribunals Reforms (Rationalisation and Conditions of Service) Ordinance, 2021, Ministry of Law and Justice, April 4, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bill_track/2021-04-04/Tribunals%20Reforms%20Ordinance%202021.pdf.
[67] Union of India vs Rajendra N Shah & Anr., Civil Appeal No. 9108-9109 of 2014, Supreme Court of India, July 20, 2021, https://main.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2013/21321/21321_2013_32_1501_28728_Judgement_20-Jul-2021.pdf.
[68] The Constitution (97th Amendment) Act, 2011, Ministry of Law and Justice, Jan 12, 2012, https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/amend97.pdf.
[69] “Cabinet approves continuation of the Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) for Development of Infrastructure Facilities for Judiciary for further five years”, Press Information Bureau, Cabinet, July 14, 2021.
[70] Report No. 161: Review of the Intellectual Property Rights Regime in India, Standing Committee on Commerce, Rajya Sabha, July 23, 2021, https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Committee_site/Committee_File/ReportFile/13/141/161_2021_7_15.pdf.
[71] Report no 308: Impact of COVID-19 on MSME sector, Standing Committee on Industry, July 27, 2021, https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Committee_site/Committee_File/ReportFile/17/145/308_2021_7_14.pdf.
[72] “No. 5/2(2)/2021-E/P & G/Policy (E-19025)”, Ministry of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises, July 2, 2021, https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/content/pdfs/OMTRADER07072021.pdf.
[73] F. No. UAM/MC/01/2017-SME, Ministry of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises, June 27, 2017, https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/content/pdfs/OMTRADER07072021.pdf.
[74] S.O. 1702 (E), The Gazette of India, Ministry of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises, June 1, 2020, https://msme.gov.in/sites/default/files/MSME_gazette_of_india.pdf.
[75] ‘Master Direction - Priority Sector Lending – Targets and Classification’, Master Directions, Reserve Bank of India, December 4, 2018, https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/BS_ViewMasDirections.aspx?id=10497.
[76] Annual Report 2020-21, Ministry of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises, https://msme.gov.in/sites/default/files/MSME-ANNUAL-REPORT-ENGLISH%202020-21.pdf.
[77] Report No 294: Development and Conservation of Museums and Archaeological Site-Challenges and Opportunities, Standing Committee on Transport, Tourism, and Culture, Rajya Sabha, July 26, 2021, https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Committee_site/Committee_File/ReportFile/20/148/294_2021_7_14.pdf.
[78] Report No 20: Functioning of National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT), Standing Committee on Labour, July 22, 2021, http://164.100.47.193/lsscommittee/Labour/17_Labour_20.pdf.
[79] “Landmark decision taken by Government of India in Medical Education 27% reservation for OBCs and 10% reservation for Economically Weaker Section (EWS) in All India Quota (AIQ) Scheme for undergraduate and postgraduate medical / dental courses (MBBS / MD / MS / Diploma / BDS / MDS) from current academic year 2021-22 onwards”, Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, July 29, 2021, https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1740268.
[80] The Central Educational Institutions (Reservation in Admission) Act, 2006, https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A2007-5.pdf.
[81] National Education Policy 2020, Ministry of Education, https://www.education.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/NEP_Final_English_0.pdf.
[82] “NIPUN Bharat”, Ministry of Education, July 5, 2021, https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/specificdocs/documents/2021/jul/doc20217531.pdf.
[83] NIPUN Bharat Implementation Guidelines, Ministry of Education, July 5, 2021, https://www.education.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/NIPUN_BHARAT_GUIDELINES_EN.pdf.
[84] F. No. 14-31/2018 (CPP-II), University Grants Commission, July 28, 2021, https://www.education.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/ugc_gazette.pdf.
[85] National Education Policy 2020, Ministry of Education, https://www.education.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/NEP_Final_English_0.pdf.
[86] Consultation Paper on Unified Health Interface, National Health Authority, July 23, 2021, https://ndhm.gov.in/assets/uploads/consultation_papersDocs/UHI_Consultation_Paper.pdf.
[87] National Digital Health Blueprint, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, https://ndhm.gov.in/home/ndhb.
[88] Renewables Integration in India, NITI Aayog, July 24, 2021, https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2021-07/RenewablesIntegrationinIndia2021-compressed.pdf.
[89] “Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Personalisation of SIM cards”, Department of Telecommunications, July 16, 2021, https://dot.gov.in/sites/default/files/SOP%20for%20Personalisation%20of%20SIM%20cards.pdf?download=1.
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