Highlights of this Issue
Monsoon Session 2021 of Parliament concluded; 20 Bills passed
Bills passed include the General Insurance Business (Nationalisation) Amendment Bill, 2021, the Tribunals Reforms Bill, 2021, and the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (Amendment) Bill, 2021.
The Constitution (127th Amendment) Bill, 2021 passed in Parliament
The Bill amends the Constitution to allow states and union territories to prepare their own list of socially and educationally backward classes, without consulting the National Commission for Backward Classes.
GDP grows at 20.1% in first quarter of 2021-22 on low base of last year
Gross Domestic Product (at constant 2011-12 prices) grew at 20.1% during the first quarter (April-June) of 2021-22 (year-on-year). GDP had contracted by 24.4% during the first quarter of 2020-21.
National Monetisation Pipeline launched by central government
NITI Aayog launched the National Asset Monetisation Pipeline which aims to monetise assets worth almost six lakh crore rupees till 2024-25.
ZyCoV-D vaccine granted emergency use authorisation
As per the phase III clinical trials, the vaccine has 67% efficacy for symptomatic RT-PCR cases. It will be administered in three doses to people of age 12 years and above.
Repo and reverse repo rates unchanged at 4% and 3.35% respectively
The Monetary Policy Committee kept repo and reverse repo rates unchanged at 4% and 3.35% respectively. The Committee decided to continue with the accommodative stance of monetary policy.
Committees submit reports on various issues and implementation of schemes
These include reports examining schemes including the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana. Reports on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on employment and learning gaps in education were also submitted.
TRAI recommendations on license regime based on different layers of telecom
TRAI recommended creating a separate authorisation level called access network provider authorisation within the Unified License to allow entities to operate in the network layer independently.
Plastic Waste Management (Amendment) Rules, 2021 notified
The 2021 Rules ban certain single-use plastic items (such as cutlery). The minimum thickness of plastic carry bags, which used to be 50 microns, will increase to 75 microns this year and 120 microns next year.
Draft amendments on investigation and compensation for road accidents released
Draft amendments to fast-track investigations of road accidents released. Draft schemes seeking to increase compensation for accidents leading to injury or death, and to establish a fund for victims of accidents released.
Drone Rules liberalising drone operations in India notified
The Drone Rules, 2021 replacing the Unmanned Aircraft System Rules, 2021. liberalise the regulation and operation of drones in India.
National Mission on Edible Oils - Oil Palm approved by Cabinet
Oil farmers will be provided with an assured price and assistance for inputs. Additional assistance for the North East and Andaman regions also outlined. It will be applicable till 2037 and have an outlay of Rs 11,040 crore.
Parliament
Omir Kumar (omir@prsindia.org)
The Monsoon session of Parliament was held from July 19, 2021 to August 11, 2021, a total of 17 days.[1] The session was scheduled to end on August 13, 2021, but was curtailed by two days.
During the session, Parliament passed 20 Bills (excluding two Appropriation Bills). 15 of these Bills were introduced during the session. These include four Bills to replace Ordinances: the Tribunals Reforms Bill, 2021, the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Bill, 2021, the Essential Defence Service Bill, 2021, and the Commission for Air Quality Management in National Capital Region and Adjoining Areas Bill, 2021. Other Bills passed in the session include the Constitution (One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Amendment) Bill, the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2021, the General Insurance Business (Nationalisation) Amendment Bill, 2021, and the Juvenile Justice Amendment Bill, 2021.
For more details on legislative business taken up during the Monsoon Session 2021, please see here. For details on the functioning of Parliament during the session, please see here
COVID-19
As of August 31, 2021, there were 3.28 crore confirmed cases of COVID-19 in India.[2] Of these, 3.20 crore (97.5%) had been cured/discharged and 4.39 lakh (1.3%) persons had died. As of August 31, 2021, 49 crore people have received the first dose of a vaccine, and 15 crore people have been fully vaccinated.[3] For details on the number of daily cases in the country and across states, see here.
Guidelines issued to state governments for management of COVID-19 pandemic
Shubham Dutt (shubham@prsindia.org)
In June 2021, the Ministry of Home Affairs had issued guidelines to state and union territory governments regarding the management of COVID-19 pandemic.[4] These guidelines were earlier applicable till August 31, 2021.4 The applicability of these guidelines has been extended till September 30, 2021.[5] Key features of the guidelines include:
ZyCoV-D vaccine granted emergency use authorisation
Aditya Kumar (aditya@prsindia.org)
The Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) granted emergency use authorisation to the vaccine - ZyCoV-D.[6] It has been developed by Zydus Cadila in partnership with Department of Biotechnology.7 As per the phase III clinical trials, the vaccine has 66.6% efficacy for symptomatic RT-PCR cases. The vaccine will be administered in three doses to people of age 12 years and above. 7
Guidelines and standard operating procedure for genomic surveillance for COVID-19 virus revised
Aditya Kumar (aditya@prsindia.org)
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare revised guidelines and Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) on genomic surveillance for the COVID-19 virus.[7] The initial guidelines were released in December 2020.[8] The latest guidelines establish a three-component strategy for genome sequencing, consisting of: (i) screening and testing of international passengers, (ii) regular on-going surveillance in the community, and (iii) event-based surveillance. Key features of the guidelines and SOP include:
Guidelines for domestic inter-state travel revised
Rajat Asthana (rajat@prsindia.org)
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare issued revised guidelines for domestic inter-state travel, including advisories to passengers, operators of airlines, railways, ships, and buses.[9] The guidelines came into effect from August 25, 2021. Key features of the guidelines include:
Ban on scheduled international flights extended to September end
Rajat Asthana (rajat@prsindia.org)
The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) extended the ban on scheduled international flights till September 30, 2021.[10] The ban was initially imposed in March 2020. Earlier, the ban was applicable till August 31, 2021.[11] The restriction does not apply to cargo operations and flights specifically approved by the DGCA.
Macroeconomic Development
Tushar Chakrabarty (tushar@prsindia.org
GDP grows at 20.1% in first quarter of 2021-22 on low base of last year
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (at constant 2011-12 prices) grew at 20.1% during the first quarter (April-June) of 2021-22, over the corresponding period a year ago.[12] Note that this high growth rate in the first quarter of 2021-22 is over a low base of last year, as GDP had contracted by 24.4% during the first quarter of 2020-21. GDP grew at 1.6% during the fourth quarter (January-March) of 2020-21.
The main components of GDP are private consumption (spending by households on goods and services), government consumption (spending by government on goods and services), fixed capital formation (spending on investment such as construction, machinery), and net exports (exports minus imports). Private consumption and gross fixed capital formation increased by 19.3% and 55.3% respectively, while government expenditure contracted by 4.8%. While exports increased by 39.1%, imports increased by 60.2%, implying a decrease in net exports.
GDP across economic sectors is measured in terms of Gross Value Added (GVA). Growth in all sectors was positive in the first quarter of 2021-22 over the corresponding quarter of 2020-21. Construction sector registered the highest growth (68.3%) followed by manufacturing (49.6%). Note that both these sectors had registered a significant contraction during the first quarter of 2020-21.
Table 1: Growth in GVA across sectors in Q1 of 2021-22 (%, year-on-year)
Sector |
Q1 |
Q4 |
Q1 |
Agriculture |
3.5 |
3.1 |
4.5 |
Mining |
-17.2 |
-5.7 |
18.6 |
Manufacturing |
-36.0 |
6.9 |
49.6 |
Electricity |
-9.9 |
9.1 |
14.3 |
Construction |
-49.5 |
14.5 |
68.3 |
Trade |
-48.1 |
-2.3 |
34.3 |
Financial services |
-5.0 |
5.4 |
3.7 |
Public services |
-10.2 |
2.3 |
5.8 |
GVA |
-22.4 |
3.7 |
18.8 |
GDP |
-24.4 |
1.6 |
20.1 |
Repo and reverse repo rates unchanged at 4% and 3.35% respectively
The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released its third bi-monthly Monetary Policy Statement of 2021-22.[13] The policy repo rate (the rate at which RBI lends money to banks) remain unchanged at 4%. Other decisions of the MPC are as follows:
Industrial production increased by 45% in the first quarter of 2021-22 over low base of last year
India’s Index of Industrial Production (IIP) registered a growth of 45% in the first quarter (April-June) of 2021-22 over the corresponding period in 2020-21.[14] Note that such a high growth rate during this period may be due to a low base in the previous year as IIP had registered a significant contraction in the months of April (-57%), May (-33%), and June (-17%) of 2020-21 due to the national lockdown.
Mining, manufacturing, and electricity production registered a growth (year-on-year) in all months of the first quarter of 2021-22. IIP had increased by 6% in the fourth quarter (January-March) of 2020-21.
Figure 1: Growth in IIP in Q1 (April-June) of 2021-22
Sources: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation; PRS.
Figure 2: Negative IIP growth in Q1 (April-June) of 2020-21
Sources: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation; PRS.
Finance
Parliament passes Bill to nullify retrospective taxation imposed in 2012
Suyash Tiwari (suyash@prsindia.org)
The Taxation Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2021 was passed by Parliament.[15] The Bill amends the Income Tax Act, 1961 (IT Act) and the Finance Act, 2012. The 2012 Act amended the IT Act to impose tax liability on the income earned from the sale of shares of a foreign company on a retrospective basis (liability applicable to any transactions done before May 28, 2012). The Bill nullifies this retrospective basis for taxation. Key features of the Bill include:
The Bill provides that if a concerned person fulfils the above conditions, all assessment or reassessment orders issued in relation to such tax liability will be deemed to have never been issued. Further, if a person becomes eligible for refund after fulfilling the conditions, the amount will be refunded to him, without any interest.
For PRS summary of the Bill, please see here.
Parliament passes Bill to allow interim payment of bank deposit insurance
Suyash Tiwari (suyash@prsindia.org)
The Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (Amendment) Bill, 2021 was passed by Parliament.[16] The Bill amends the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, 1961. The Act established the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC) to provide insurance for bank deposits and guarantee credit given by banks and financial institutions. The Bill provides depositors with time-bound access to their insured deposit amount, in case they are restricted from accessing their bank deposits.
For PRS summary of the Bill, please see here.
Bill to decriminalise certain offences under Limited Liability Partnership Act passed by Parliament
Tushar Chakrabarty (tushar@prsindia.org)
The Limited Liability Partnership (Amendment) Bill, 2021 was passed by Parliament.[17] The Bill amends the Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008.[18] The Act provides for regulation of Limited Liability Partnerships (LLP). LLP is an alternative corporate body form to traditional partnership firms. Under LLP, a partner’s liabilities are limited to their investment in the business. Key features of the Bill include:
For a PRS summary of the Bill, please see here.
General Insurance Business (Nationalisation) Amendment Bill, 2021 passed by Parliament
Tushar Chakrabarty (tushar@prsindia.org)
The General Insurance Business (Nationalisation) Amendment Bill, 2021 was passed by Parliament.[19] The Bill amends the General Insurance Business (Nationalisation) Act, 1972.[20] The Act nationalised all private companies undertaking general insurance business in India. The Bill provides for a greater private sector participation in the public sector insurance companies regulated under the Act. Key features of the Bill include:
For a PRS summary of the Bill, please see here.
Bill providing Pre-Packaged Insolvency Resolution passed by Parliament
Tushar Chakrabarty (tushar@prsindia.org)
The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Bill, 2021 was passed by Parliament.[21] The Bill amends the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, which provides for a time-bound process for resolving the insolvency of corporate debtors (within 330 days) called the Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP).[22] The Bill introduces an alternate insolvency resolution process for Micro, Small, And Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), called the pre-Packaged Insolvency Resolution Process (PIRP). It replaces the Ordinance promulgated in April 2021.[23] Key features of the Bill include:
For a PRS summary of the Bill, please see here.
Standing Committee report on implementation of the IBC submitted
Shruti Gupta (shruti@prsindia.org)
The Standing Committee on Finance (Chair: Mr. Jayant Sinha) submitted its report on the implementation of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC).[24] The IBC was enacted in 2016 and provides a time-bound process for insolvency resolution of corporate debtors.[25] Key observations and recommendations by the Committee include:
For PRS summary of the report, please see here.
National Monetisation Pipeline launched
Tushar Chakrabarty (tushar@prsindia.org)
NITI Aayog released the plan for monetisation of assets of the central government and public sector enterprises, called the National Monetisation Pipeline (NMP).[26] Asset monetisation entails a limited period license/lease of a government-owned asset to a private entity for an upfront or periodic payment. The asset will be handed back to the government after the contract period. The ownership of the assets will continue to be with the public sector. The pipeline estimates aggregate monetisation potential of about six lakh crore rupees between 2021-22 and 2024-25. 15% of the assets with an indicative value of Rs 0.88 lakh crore are to be monetised in the year 2021-22. Key details of the plan include:
Sectors: Assets included under the NMP are from various sectors such as roads, railways, power, and telecom. The list includes only brownfield (existing) infrastructure assets of the central government and the central public sector enterprises. Collation of assets of state governments is currently ongoing, and it is envisaged to be included in the NMP in due course.
Table 2: Sector-wise monetisation pipeline (in Rs crore)
Sectors |
Monetisation Value |
% share |
Roads |
1,60,200 |
26.8 |
Railways |
1,52,496 |
25.5 |
Power Transmission |
45,200 |
7.6 |
Power Generation |
39,832 |
6.7 |
Telecom |
35,100 |
5.9 |
Warehousing Assets |
28,900 |
4.8 |
Mining |
28,748 |
4.8 |
Natural Gas Pipelines |
24,462 |
4.1 |
Petroleum Pipeline |
22,504 |
3.8 |
Aviation |
20,782 |
3.5 |
Urban Real Estate |
15,000 |
2.5 |
Ports |
12,829 |
2.2 |
Stadia |
11,450 |
1.9 |
Total |
5,97,503 |
Source: NITI Aayog; PRS.
Monetisation models: The NMP will allow various models for asset monetisation including: (i) direct contractual approach involving concession/contract between a public entity and identified private sector developer/ investor (includes public private partnership models), and (ii) structured financing models for long-term fund generation through capital markets or through a pool of investors (includes infrastructure investment trusts, real estate investment trusts).
Draft Foreign Exchange Management (Non-debt Instruments - Overseas Investment) Rules, 2021 released
Tushar Chakrabarty (tushar@prsindia.org)
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released the draft Foreign Exchange Management (Non-debt Instruments - Overseas Investment) Rules, 2021 and draft Foreign Exchange Management (Overseas Investment) Regulations, 2021 under the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999.[27],[28] The draft Rules and Regulations seek to liberalise the regulatory framework for investment and acquisition of immovable properties outside India by Indian residents. Currently, these aspects are regulated by the Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer or Issue of any Foreign Security) Regulations, 2004 and Foreign Exchange Management (Acquisition and Transfer of Immovable Property Outside India) Regulations 2015.[29],[30] Key features of the draft rules and regulations include:
e-RUPI launched by National Payments Corporation of India
Tushar Chakrabarty (tushar@prsindia.org)
The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) launched a voucher-based payments system to promote cashless transactions called e-RUPI.[31] It will function as a pre-paid digital voucher which the beneficiary may access or get on their phone in the form of a message or QR code. The vouchers may be redeemed at any centre that accepts it. e-RUPI does not require the beneficiary to have a bank account. The beneficiary need not own a smartphone or have an internet connection to access the voucher.
RBI releases Financial Inclusion Index
Tushar Chakrabarty (tushar@prsindia.org)
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) introduced a Financial Inclusion Index (FII) to capture the extent of financial inclusion across the country.[32] The FII includes details of banking, investments, insurance, postal, and pension sector. It captures information on various aspects of financial inclusion in a single value ranging between 0 and 100, where 0 represents complete financial exclusion and 100 indicates full financial inclusion. The index comprises three broad parameters: (i) access (35% weight), (ii) usage (45%), and (iii) quality (20%). FII has been constructed without any base year. The annual FII for the period ending March 2021 is 53.9 as compared to 43.4 for the period ending March 2017. FII will be published every year in July.
Comments invited on the report of the expert committee constituted by RBI on urban co-operative banks
Tushar Chakrabarty (tushar@prsindia.org)
RBI released report of the expert committee (Chair: Mr. N.S. Vishwanathan) on Urban Co-Operative Banks (UCBs) for public feedback.[33] The Committee has given recommendations on functioning, regulation, and supervision of UCBs. Key recommendations include:
Comments on the report are invited until September 30, 2021.
SEBI reviews regulatory framework for promoter, promoter group
Tushar Chakrabarty (tushar@prsindia.org)
The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) reviewed the regulatory framework for promoter, promoter group and group companies under the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Issue of Capital and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2018.[34],[35] Key changes are:
Defence
Parliament passes Bill to prohibit strikes, lock-outs, and lay-offs in essential defence services
Suyash Tiwari (suyash@prsindia.org)
The Essential Defence Services Bill, 2021 was passed by Parliament.[36] The Bill replaces an Ordinance promulgated in June 2021.[37] The Bill allows the central government to prohibit strikes, lock-outs, and lay-offs in units engaged in essential defence services. Key features include:
For a PRS summary of the Bill, please see here.
Law and Justice
Parliament passes Bill to abolish certain appellate bodies and transfer their functions to existing judicial bodies
Aditya Kumar (aditya@prsindia.org)
The Tribunals Reforms Bill, 2021 was passed by Parliament.[38] The Bill dissolves certain existing appellate bodies and transfer their functions (such as adjudication of appeals) to other existing judicial bodies. The appellate bodies being abolished include: (i) Appellate Tribunal under the Cinematograph Act, 1952, (ii) Appellate Boards under the Trade Marks Act, 1999, The Copyright Act, 1957, and the Patents Act, 1970, and (iii) Airport Appellate Tribunal under the Airport Authority of India Act, 1994.
The Bill replaces a similar Ordinance promulgated in April 2021.[39] In July 2021, the Supreme Court had struck down certain provisions of the Ordinance.[40] The Bill does not conform to the Court judgement. Key features of the Bill include:
For a PRS analysis of the 2021 Ordinance, please see here.
Social Justice & Empowerment
The Constitution (127th Amendment) Bill, 2021 passed in Parliament
Rajat Asthana (rajat@prsindia.org)
The Constitution (127th Amendment) Bill, 2021 was passed by Parliament. The Bill amends the Constitution to allow states and union territories to prepare their own list of socially and educationally backward classes. Key features of the Bill are as follows:
For a PRS summary of the Bill, please see here.
The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Amendment) Bill, 2021 passed
Shruti Gupta (shruti@prsindia.org)
The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Amendment) Bill, 2021 was passed by Parliament.[42] The Bill amends the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950.[43]
The Constitution empowers the President to specify the Scheduled Tribes (STs) in various states and union territories. Further, it permits Parliament to modify this list of notified STs. The Bill gives effect to modifications proposed by the state of Arunachal Pradesh.
For a PRS summary of the Bill, please see here.
Report on implementation of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 released
Shubham Dutt (shubham@prsindia.org)
The Standing Committee on Social Justice and Empowerment (Chair: Mrs. Rama Devi) submitted its report on Assessment of Scheme for Implementation of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 (SIPDA).[44] SIPDA, an umbrella scheme funded and implemented by the central government, provides financial assistance to implement various components of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016. These components include: (i) creation of barrier free environment, (ii) Accessible India campaign, and (iii) district disability rehabilitation centres. Key observations and recommendations include:
For a PRS summary of the report, see here.
Guidelines for assessing the extent of certain disabilities under the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act amended
Shashank Srivastava (shashank@prsindia.org)
The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment amended the guidelines for assessing the extent of disabilities under the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016.[45] Earlier, the guidelines provided that for a disability certificate in case of disabilities caused due to blood disorders, there will be a periodic review of the disease at a minimum interval of one year (for patients not having severe disability with a score above 80%).[46] The amended guidelines extend this review period to an interval of three years.
Certain government establishments exempted from provisions of Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016
Omir Kumar (omir@prsindia.org)
The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment issued notifications exempting certain government establishments from certain provisions of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016.[47] These provisions mandate reservation for and non-discrimination against disabled persons in government employment. The exemptions under the notifications are as follows:
Health
The National Commission for Indian System of Medicine (Amendment) Bill, 2021 passed by Parliament
Aditya Kumar (aditya@prsindia.org)
The National Commission for Indian System of Medicine (Amendment) Bill, 2021 was passed by Parliament.[49] It amends the National Commission for Indian System of Medicine Act, 2020.[50] The 2020 Act replaced the Indian Medicine Central Council Act, 1970.[51] The 1970 Act set up the Central Council of Indian Medicine to regulate the education and practice of the Indian Medicine system (includes Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy).
The 2020 Act replaces the Council with a National Commission for regulating education and practice of the Indian medicine system. Since, the establishment of the National Commission was taking time, the 1970 Act was not repealed immediately with passage of the 2020 Act. In September 2020, the 1970 Act was amended to provide for a Board of Governors, constituted by the central government, to temporarily exercise the powers of the Council till its reconstitution.
The National Commission was constituted on June 11, 2021, and on the same date, the 1970 Act was repealed.50 The 2021 Bill specifies that all powers and functions of the Board of Governors (as under the 1970 Act) will be deemed to have been done under the 2020 Act and will continue to remain in force.50
For a PRS summary of the Bill, please see here.
The National Commission for Homoeopathy (Amendment) Bill, 2021 passed by Parliament
Aditya Kumar (aditya@prsindia.org)
The National Commission for Homoeopathy (Amendment) Bill, 2021 was passed by Parliament.[52] It amends the National Commission for Homoeopathy Act, 2020.[53]
The 2020 Act replaced the Homoeopathy Central Council Act, 1973.[54] The 1973 Act set up the Central Council of Homeopathy for regulating homoeopathic education and practice. The 2020 Act replaced the Council with a national commission for regulating homoeopathic education and practice. Note that the 1973 Act was to be repealed on a date notified by the central government.
Before the 2020 Act was passed, the 1973 Act was amended in 2018 to provide for the reconstitution of the Central Council.[55] The amendments specified that till the Council was reconstituted, its powers would be exercised by a Board of Governors, constituted by the central government.56 Since, establishment of the National Commission was taking time and the Central Council was not reconstituted, the Board continued to function.
The National Commission for Homoeopathy was constituted on July 5, 2021 to supersede the Central Council, and on the same date, the 1973 Act was repealed.53 The 2021 Bill specifies that all powers exercised and functions performed by the Board of Governors (as under the 1973 Act) will be deemed to have been done under the 2020 Act and will continue to remain in force.53
For a PRS summary of the Bill, please see here.
Report on the National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Amendment) Bill, 2021 submitted
Shruti Gupta (shruti@prsindia.org)
The Standing Committee on Chemicals and Fertilisers (Chair: Ms. Kanimozhi Karunanidhi) submitted its report on the National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Amendment) Bill, 2021.[56] The Bill amends the National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Act, 1998.[57] The 1998 Act established the National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Punjab and declared it as an Institution of National Importance. [58]
Key observations and recommendations by the Committee include:
For PRS summary of the report, please see here.
Transport
Bill to regulate inland vessels and their movement passed by Parliament
Rajat Asthana (rajat@prsindia.org)
The Inland Vessels Bill, 2021 was passed by Parliament.[59] It replaces the Inland Vessels Act, 1917.[60] The Act provides for the regulation of inland vessel navigation by states including the registration of vessels, and safe carriage of goods and passengers. The Bill introduces a uniform regulatory framework for inland vessel navigation across the country. Key features of the Bill include:
For a PRS summary of the Bill, please see here
Airports Economic Regulatory Authority of India (Amendment) Bill, 2021 passed by Parliament
Omir Kumar (omir@prsindia.org)
The Airports Economic Regulatory Authority of India (Amendment) Bill, 2021 was passed by Parliament.[61] The Bill amends the Airports Economic Regulatory Authority of India Act, 2008. The 2008 Act established the Airport Economic Regulatory Authority (AERA). AERA regulates tariffs and other charges (such as airport development fees) for aeronautical services rendered at major airports in India. The Bill allows the central government to group airports and notify the group as a major airport. This implies that AERA will regulate tariffs at these notified airports.
For PRS summary of the Bill, please see here.
Committee submits report on the functioning of Airports Authority of India
Shashank Srivastava (shashank@prsindia.org)
The Standing Committee on Transport, Tourism and Culture (Chair: T.G. Venkatesh) submitted its report on Functioning of Airports Authority of India (AAI).[62] AAI is a statutory authority under the Ministry of Civil Aviation, which is responsible for the integrated development, expansion and modernisation of air traffic services, passenger terminals, and cargo services in the country. It operates and maintains 136 airports in the country, of which 110 are operational. Key observations and recommendations of the Committee include:
For a PRS summary of the report, see here.
Report submitted on promotion of infrastructure in India’s Maritime Sector
Omir Kumar (omir@prsindia.org)
The Standing Committee on Transport, Tourism and Culture (Chair: Mr. T.G. Venkatesh) submitted its report on the Promotion of Infrastructure in India's Maritime Sector.[63] The Committee examined the infrastructure of the Indian maritime sector. Key observations and recommendations of the Committee include:
For a PRS report summary, please see here.
The Drone Rules, 2021 notified
Rajat Asthana (rajat@prsindia.org)
The Ministry of Civil Aviation has notified the Drone Rules, 2021.[64] These Rules have been published under the Aircraft Act, 1934 and replace the Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Rules, 2021.[65] The 1934 Act regulates production, possession, operation, and sale of civilian aircraft in India.[66] The UAS Rules regulated the ownership and operation of remotely operable and autonomous aircraft in India.66 The Drone Rules reduce the approvals and restrictions involved in operating drones in India. Key features of the new Rules include:
Comments invited on draft regulation for examining aviation personnel for consumption of psychoactive substances
Rajat Asthana (rajat@prsindia.org)
The Directorate General of Civil Aviation released the draft procedure for examining aviation personnel for consumption of psychoactive substances.[67] The draft regulation has been published under the Aircraft Rules, 1937.[68] The Rules prohibit all technical and operating aircraft crew members from consuming alcoholic drinks, sedatives, narcotics or stimulant drugs before and during a flight. Key features of the draft regulations are:
Comments on the draft regulations are invited till September 24, 2021.
Draft schemes on investigation and settlement of hit and run cases released
Shruti Gupta (shruti@prsindia.org)
The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways released draft schemes and draft amendments to the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989 on investigation of, and compensation for victims of hit and run accidents.[69],[70],[71] Key features of the draft schemes and amendments include:
Compensation scheme for road accident victims
The draft scheme seeks to increase compensation in cases which result in grievous injuries or death.[72] Key features include.70
Scheme proposing to establish accident fund
The proposed fund will provide aid to victims of road accidents through compensation, treatment for accidents, and other purposes.71 The Scheme proposes to replace the Solatium Scheme, 1989, under which a fund provides compensation for hit and run accidents. The fund will be registered as a public charitable trust and have three accounts operated by the General Insurance Corporation of India (Table 3)
Table 3: Accounts under proposed accident fund
Account |
Funding |
Treatment of victims of accidents by insured vehicles |
|
Treatment of victims of hit and run accidents and those caused by uninsured vehicles |
|
Compensation for victims of hit-and-run cases, based on the Hit and Run Motor Accidents Scheme, 2021 |
|
Sources: G.S.R. 527 (E), Gazette of India, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, August 2, 2021; PRS.
Amendments exempting battery-operated vehicles from registration charges notified
Shruti Gupta (shruti@prsindia.org)
The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways released amendments to the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989, framed under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988.[73],[74] The Rules detail requirements for licensing of drivers, and design, maintenance, and registration of motor vehicles, among others.[75] The amendments exempt owners of battery-operated vehicles (electrical vehicles powered by rechargeable batteries) from paying fees for: (i) a new registration certificate, (ii) renewal of a registration certificate, and (iii) the assignment of a new registration mark.
Amendments including certain vehicles within schemes for renting motorcycles and cabs notified
Shruti Gupta (shruti@prsindia.org)
The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways notified amendments to Rent a Motor Cab and Rent a Motorcycle Schemes.[76],[77] The schemes regulate the business of renting motor-cabs and motorcycles, respectively.[78],[79] The schemes provide for: (i) grant of license, (ii) duties and responsibilities of persons renting vehicles, and (iii) powers of licensing authorities.
The schemes are applicable for vehicles which are required to obtain permits and licenses to operate. The amendments include some categories of motor-cabs and motorcycles within the scheme which have been exempted from permit requirements under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988.[80] These include battery operated vehicles, and vehicles operating on fuels including methanol and ethanol.
New Bharat (BH)-Series vehicle registration system notified
Rajat Asthana (rajat@prsindia.org)
The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways notified amendments to the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989, framed under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988.82,81 The 1989 Rules detail requirements for application of vehicle registration, and issue of certificate of registration.84 The 2021 amendments introduce a national vehicle registration mark, the Bharat (BH)-Series for certain individuals.[81] Key features of the amendments include:
Electronic monitoring and enforcement of road safety
Shashank Srivastava (shashank@prsindia.org)
The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways notified amendments to the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989, framed under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988.[82] The 1989 Rules detail the procedure for issuing challans and their payment.[83] The 2021 amendments introduce provisions for electronic monitoring of roads. [84] Key features of the amendments are:.
Draft model concession agreement for redevelopment of railway stations released
Saket Surya (saket@prsindia.org)
The Railway Board released the draft of the model concession agreement for the re-development of railway stations for public feedback.[85] Key provisions under the concession agreement are:
Comments on the draft are invited until September 3, 2021.
Environment
Aditya Kumar (aditya@prsindia.org)
Bill to set up a Commission for air quality management in NCR and adjoining areas passed by Parliament
The Commission for Air Quality Management in National Capital Region and Adjoining Areas Bill, 2021 was passed by Parliament.[86] The Bill replaces an Ordinance with similar provisions promulgated in April 2021.[87] Note that a similar Ordinance, which was promulgated in October 2020 lapsed in March 2021.[88] The Bill provides for the constitution of a Commission for better co-ordination, research, identification and resolution of problems related to air quality in the National Capital Region (NCR) and adjoining areas. Adjoining areas are defined as areas in Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh, adjoining the National Capital Territory of Delhi and NCR, where any source of pollution may cause adverse impact on air quality in the NCR. The Bill also dissolves the Environment Pollution (Prevention and Control) Authority for the NCR constituted in 1998. Key features of the Bill include:87
For a PRS summary of the Bill, please see here.
Plastic Waste Management (Amendment) Rules, 2021 notified
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change notified the Plastic Waste Management (Amendment) Rules, 2021.[89] The draft Rules were released in March 2021 for public comments.[90] The 2021 Rules amend the Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016.[91] The Rules provide for reduction of plastic waste. Key amendments include:
Education
Bill to establish a central university in Ladakh passed by Parliament
Omir Kumar (omir@prsindia.org)
The Central Universities (Amendment) Bill, 2021 was passed by Parliament. It amends the Central Universities Act, 2009.[92] The 2009 Act provides for the establishment of Central Universities for teaching and research in various states. The Bill provides for the establishment of the Sindhu Central University in the union territory of Ladakh.
Standing Committee submits report on learning gaps due to school lockdown and plans for reopening of schools
Shruti Gupta (shruti@prsindia.org)
The Standing Committee on Education, Women, Children, Youth, and Sports (Chair: Dr. Vinay Sahasrabuddhe) submitted a report on learning gaps due to school lockdown, and plans for re-opening schools.[93] Key observations and recommendations include:
For a PRS summary of the Report, please see here.
Agriculture
Shashank Srivastava (shashank@prsindia.org)
Coconut Development Board (Amendment) Bill, 2021 passed by Parliament
The Coconut Development Board (Amendment) Bill, 2021 was passed by Parliament.[94] The Bill amends the Coconut Development Board Act, 1979. The Act established the Coconut Development Board for the development of the coconut industry. The Bill amends the composition of the Coconut Development Board to improve its management and administration. Key features of the Bill include:
For PRS summary of the Bill, please see here.
Report submitted on procurement, storage and distribution of foodgrains
Suyash Tiwari (suyash@prsindia.org)
The Standing Committee on Food, Consumer Affairs, and Public Distribution (Chair: Mr. Sudip Bandyopadhyay) submitted its report on the subject ‘Procurement, Storage, and Distribution of Foodgrains by Food Corporation of India’.[95] The procurement, storage, and distribution of foodgrains is undertaken by the Food Corporation of India (FCI), along with state governments’ agencies. Key observations and recommendations of the Committee include:
For a PRS report summary, please see here.
Standing Committee submits report evaluating the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana
Shruti Gupta (shruti@prsindia.org)
The Standing Committee on Agriculture (Chair: Mr. P. C. Gaddigoudar) submitted a report evaluating Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima (PMFBY). Under PMFBY, farmers are provided with insurance cover for crops against all non-preventable natural risks. Key observations and recommendations of the Committee include:
For a PRS summary of the Bill, please see here.
Standing Committee submits report on Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana – Gramin: PMAY (G)
Shashank Srivastava (shashank@prsindia.org)
The Standing Committee on Rural Development (Chair: Mr. Prataprao Jadhav) submitted its report on the subject ‘Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana – Gramin: PMAY (G)’ on August 5, 2021.[96] PMAY (G) was launched in April 2016, aiming to provide “housing for all” in rural areas by 2022, i.e., a pucca house with basic amenities to all households living without a house or in kutcha houses. The Committee noted that out of the combined phase 1 and 2 target, only 51% houses have been completed as on August 31, 2020. Key observations and recommendations of the Committee include:
For a PRS summary of the report, see here.
Cabinet approves the scheme National Mission on Edible Oils – Oil Palm
Shruti Gupta (shruti@prsindia.org)
The Union Cabinet approved the scheme National Mission on Edible Oils – Oil Palm.[97] The scheme seeks to increase the production of crude palm oil in the country and decrease the dependence on imports. Presently, 98% of India’s demand for crude palm oil is met through imports. Key features of the scheme include:
The scheme will be applicable till November 2037. The scheme has a total outlay of Rs 11,040 crore, of which Rs 8,844 crore (80%) will be given by the central government, and the rest by the respective state governments.
Commerce
Tushar Chakrabarty (tushar@prsindia.org)
Remission of Duties and Taxes on Exported Products scheme notified
The Directorate General of Foreign Trade has notified the guidelines and rates for the scheme for Remission of Duties and Taxes on Exported Products.[98] Key features of the scheme include:
Labour
Standing Committee report on rising unemployment and loss of jobs submitted
Shruti Gupta (shruti@prsindia.org)
The Standing Committee on Labour (Chair: Mr. Bhartruhari Mahtab) submitted its report on the impact of COVID-19 on rising unemployment and loss of jobs in organised and unorganised sectors.[99] Key observations and recommendations by the Committee include:
For PRS summary of the report, please see here.
Portal launched for registration of unorganised workers
Tushar Chakrabarty (tushar@prsindia.org)
The central government launched the e-Shram portal for the registration of unorganised workers.[100],[101] The portal seeks to register 38 crore unorganised workers, and allow them to avail social security schemes implemented by central and state governments. Registration on the portal will be free and can be done online. Registered workers will get an e-Shram card with unique universal account number and will be able to access the benefits of social security schemes through the card. The portal will be managed by states and union territories for registration of unorganised workers.
Every unorganised worker registered on the portal will be eligible for an accident insurance of two lakh rupees. If a registered worker meets with an accident, he will be eligible to get two lakh rupees on death or permanent disability and one lakh rupees on partial disability.
Benefits under National Pension Scheme for traders and self-employed persons to require Aadhaar
Shashank Srivastava (shashank@prsindia.org)
The Ministry of Labour and Employment issued a notification requiring Aadhaar for availing benefits under the National Pension Scheme for Traders, Shopkeepers and Self-Employed Persons, 2019.[102] Under the Scheme, beneficiaries are entitled to a minimum pension of Rs 3,000 per month after attaining the age of 60 years.
The notification requires persons to furnish proof of possession of Aadhaar or undergo Aadhaar authentication to avail benefits under the Scheme. A person wanting to avail these benefits who does not possess an Aadhaar number (though entitled to obtain Aadhaar) will have to apply for Aadhaar enrolment. Till the Aadhaar is assigned to an eligible beneficiary who has enrolled thus, he will receive benefits under the Scheme if he produces his Aadhaar Enrolment Identity Document slip along with either his PAN card, ration card, voter identity card, passport, driving license, bank passbook or certain other documents.
In cases where Aadhaar authentication fails due to poor fingerprint quality, unsuccessful biometric authentication or otherwise, certain remedial mechanisms will be adopted for authentication. These include: (i) providing for iris scanners along with fingerprint scanners, (ii) offline authentication systems such as Aadhaar One-Time Password or Time-based One-Time Password, and (iii) Quick Response (QR) code readers to verify the authenticity of physical Aadhaar letters through the QR code printed on them. To ensure that no eligible beneficiary is deprived of benefits under the Scheme for want of Aadhaar, the Ministry will adopt a mechanism for handling exceptions. This will include: (i) providing benefits based on certain alternate identification documents, and (ii) making special arrangements for enrolment of disabled persons and senior citizens.[103]
Water Resources
Tushar Chakrabarty (tushar@prsindia.org)
Standing committee report on flood management submitted
The Standing Committee on Water Resources (Chair: Mr. Sanjay Jaiswal) submitted its report on the subject Flood Management in the Country including International Water Treaties in the field of Water Resource Management with particular reference to Treaty/Agreement entered into with China, Pakistan and Bhutan.[104] Key observations and recommendations by the Committee include:
For a PRS summary of the report, see here.
Petroleum & Natural Gas
Shashank Srivastava (shashank@prsindia.org)
Committee report on allotment of retail outlets and distributorships for LPG submitted
The Standing Committee on Petroleum and Natural Gas (Chair: Mr. Ramesh Bidhuri) submitted its report on the subject Allotment of Retail Outlets and LPG Distributorships.[105] Key observations and recommendations of the Committee include:
For a PRS summary of the report, see here.
Energy
Aditya Kumar (aditya@prsindia.org)
Standing Committee report on tidal power development in India submitted
The Standing Committee on Energy (Chair: Mr. Rajiv Ranjan Singh) submitted its report on Tidal Power Development in India.[106] Tidal energy refers to energy produced from the movement of ocean tides. Key observations and recommendations of the Committee include:
For a PRS summary of the report see here.
Standing committee report on development of coal blocks submitted
The Standing Committee on Energy (Chair: Mr. Rajiv Ranjan Singh) submitted its report on the subject “Development of Coal Blocks Allocated to Power Sector Companies”, on August 5, 2021. Key observations and recommendations of the Committee include:
For PRS summary of the report, please see here.
Standing Committee report on delay in execution of power projects submitted
The Standing Committee on Energy (Chair: Mr. Rajiv Ranjan Singh) submitted its report on the subject “Delay in Execution/Completion of Power Projects by Power Sector Companies”, on August 5, 2021.[107] The Committee observed that the delays in execution of power projects lead to significant time and cost overrun. For example, the delay in execution of 12 hydro projects led to a cumulative time overrun of over 100 years, and a cost overrun of Rs 31,530 crore. Key observations and recommendations of the Committee include:
The Committee recommended that during the contract formation stage, the project developer and contractor should exercise due diligence and carefully negotiate the contractual terms and conditions. The contract document should contain suitable measures with strict norms and penalties for each level of activity in the contract. Sub-sectoral limits for lending should be defined for lending to thermal power projects by banks on a priority basis.
The Committee recommended that apart from regular review meetings, an information technology (IT) based project management, monitoring, and follow-up system should be introduced at all project sites. This system should have online connectivity with all stakeholders (such as suppliers, project developers, and contractors).
For PRS summary of the report, please see here.
Comments invited on Draft Electricity (Promoting renewable energy through Green Energy Open Access) Rules, 2021
The Ministry of Power invited comments on the Draft Electricity (Promoting renewable energy through Green Energy Open Access) Rules, 2021.[108] The draft Rules propose a framework for open access to renewable energy (from sources such as solar, wind, and waste-to-energy) for consumers. Open access means allowing a consumer to purchase electricity from a utility of its choice, other than the utility having local area monopoly. Only consumers with demand or sanctioned load of 100 kilowatts and more will be eligible under this framework. Key features of the Rules include:
Comments on the draft Rules are invited until September 15, 2021.
Comments invited on proposed amendments to the Electricity (Late Payment Surcharge) Rules, 2021
The Ministry of Power has invited comments on the draft Electricity (Late Payment Surcharge) Amendment Rules, 2021.[109] The draft Rules propose to amend the Electricity (Late Payment Surcharge) Rules, 2021.[110]
The 2021 Rules provide for levying of late payment surcharge on overdue payments of distribution licensees to a generating company or a trading licensee or transmission company. The 2021 Rules also provide for adjustment of any payment by the distribution licensee first towards the late payment surcharge and then towards monthly charges (starting from the longest overdue bill).111
Guidelines regarding transmission projects and transmission services issued
The Ministry of Power issued guidelines for: (i) encouraging competition in the development of transmission projects, and (ii) tariff-based competitive bidding for transmission services.[111] Key features of the guidelines for the development of transmission projects include:112
Key features of the guidelines for procurement of transmission services include:
Timelines for the replacement of existing electricity meters with pre-paid smart meters notified
The Ministry of Power notified the timelines for the replacement of existing electricity meters with pre-paid smart meters.[112] Pre-paid smart meters are technologically advanced meters (with features such as automatic meter reading) with pre-payment facility. This means that a consumer pays in advance for using the electricity. The advance payment is loaded in the meter as balance amount, which is deducted based on the electricity usage of the consumer. Key features of the timelines are as follows:
In all other areas, the pre-paid meters must be implemented by March 2025. In areas without a communication network, the concerned state electricity regulatory commission may allow the implementation of pre-paid meters.
All feeders must be metered by December 2022. Following DTs are required to be metered by December 2023: (i) DTs in electrical divisions with more than 50% of consumers in urban areas, and AT&C losses at more than 15% in 2019-20, and (ii) DTs in all other electrical divisions with AT&C losses more than 25% in 2019-20. All other DTs must be metered by March 2025. DTs and high voltage distribution system with load less than 25 kilo Volt-ampere may be excluded from adherence to the timelines.
Communications
TRAI releases recommendations on license regime based on layers of telecom
Omir Kumar (omir@prsindia.org)
Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) released its recommendations on unbundling of different layers of telecom through differential licensing.[113],[114] Such a licensing system is expected to: (i) promote investments, ease of doing business, and innovation in the sector, and (ii) enable sharing and optimum utilisation of telecom resources. Under the current framework, a Unified License is issued for providing all types of telecom services in the country. A licensee may choose services (such as access, internet, or satellite communication) to be offered within the Unified License. The Unified License regime does not create a distinction between different layers of telecom such as infrastructure, network, service, and application. Following licenses have been introduced in recent years which provide for segregation to a certain extent: (i) Infrastructure Provider license, at infrastructure level, and (ii) Virtual Network Operator (VNO) License, at service level. TRAI noted that there is no provision for segregation of network layer under any of these licenses. Key recommendations of TRAI on differential licensing include:
TRAI releases recommendations on the promotion of broadband connectivity
Saket Surya (saket@prsindia.org)
TRAI has released its recommendations on the roadmap to promote broadband connectivity and enhanced broadband speed.[115] Note that National Digital Communications Policy 2018 aims to achieve provisioning of broadband for all by 2022.[116] In light of this policy, the Department of Telecommunications had sought recommendations of TRAI on the subject. Key recommendations of TRAI are as follows:
Information Technology
Saket Surya (saket@prsindia.org)
The SAMRIDH scheme to support startup accelerators launched
The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MEITY) launched a new scheme called Startup Accelerators of MEITY for Production Innovation, Development, and Growth (SAMRIDH).[117] The scheme will provide financial support to startup accelerators helping the product-based software startups to scale. Accelerators are entities which support early-stage startups through education, mentorship, and financing. The total financial outlay under the scheme is expected to be Rs 99 crore over three years. Key features of the scheme are:
[1] Vital Stats, Parliament functioning in Monsoon Session 2021, August 11, https://prsindia.org/files/parliament/session_track/2021/vital_stats/Vital%20Stats_Monsoon%20Session%202021.pdf.
[2] Ministry of Health and Family Welfare website, last accessed on September 1, 2021, https://www.mohfw.gov.in/index.html.
[3] “Cumulative Coverage Report of COVID-19 Vaccination”, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, August 31, 2021, https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/CummulativeCovidVaccinationReport30August2021.pdf.
[4] Order No 40-3/2020-DM-I (A), Ministry of Home Affairs, July 28, 2021, https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/MHAOrder_extendexistingorder_28072021.pdf.
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[7] Genomic Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in India, July 15, 2021, https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/INSACOGGuidanceDocumentdated15July2021final.pdf.
[8] Standard Operating Procedure for epidemiological surveillance and response in the context of new variant of SARS-CoV-2 virus detected in United Kingdom, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, December 22, 2020, https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/SOPforSurveillanceandrespo nseforthenewSARSCov2variant.pdf.
[9] Guidelines for domestic travel (flight/train/ship/bus inter-state travel) in supersession of guidelines issued on 24.05.2020, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, August 25, 2021, https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/Guidelinesfordomestictravelflighttrainshipbusinterstatetravel.pdf.
[10] No. 4/1/2020-IR, Director General of Civil Aviation, August 29, 2021, https://twitter.com/DGCAIndia/status/1431862315729645569/photo/1.
[11] No. 4/1/2020-IR, Director General of Civil Aviation, August 29, 2021, https://twitter.com/DGCAIndia/status/1421016706432995333/photo/1.
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[16] The Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (Amendment) Bill, 2021, Ministry of Finance, August 9, 2021, http://164.100.47.4/BillsTexts/RSBillTexts/PassedRajyaSabha/deposit%20rs%20pass-04082021-E.pdf.
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[18] The Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008, Ministry of Corporate Affairs, as accessed on August 25, 2021, https://mca.gov.in/content/mca/global/en/acts-rules/ebooks/acts.html?act=NDkwMg.
[19] The General Insurance Business (Nationalisation) Amendment Bill, 2021, Rajya Sabha, August 4, 2021, http://164.100.47.4/BillsTexts/RSBillTexts/PassedRajyaSabha/deposit%20rs%20pass-04082021-E.pdf.
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[22] The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India, May 28, 2016, https://ibbi.gov.in//uploads/legalframwork/af0143991dbbd963f47def187e86517f.pdf.
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[24] Report No. 32: Implementation of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code- Pitfalls and Solutions, Standing Committee on Finance, August 3, 2021, http://164.100.47.193/lsscommittee/Finance/17_Finance_32.pdf.
[25] Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, Ministry of Corporate Affairs, https://www.mca.gov.in/Ministry/pdf/TheInsolvencyandBankruptcyofIndia.pdf.
[26] “Finance Minister launches the National Monetisation Pipeline”, Press Information Bureau, NITI Aayog, August 23, 2021.
[27] Draft Foreign Exchange Management (Non-debt Instruments - Overseas Investment) Rules, 2021, Reserve Bank of India, August 9, 2021, https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/Content/PDFs/FEMRULES750E1F9F46AE48DB8ED6AE6673BC88DC.PDF.
[28] Foreign Exchange Management (Overseas Investment) Regulations, 2021, Reserve Bank of India, August 9, 2021, https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/Content/PDFs/FEMREGULATIONSDB0E98FD6EA0450C832E8CF5BB83E7B2.PDF.
[29] Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer or Issue of Any Foreign Security) (Amendment) Regulations, 2004, Reserve Bank of India, July 7, 2004, https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/notification/PDFs/60901.pdf.
[30] Foreign Exchange Management (Acquisition and transfer of immovable property outside India) Regulations, 2015, Reserve Bank of India, January 21, 2016, https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/notification/PDFs/FEMA7R96F2D8FDA254469C84C3F52330C771AF.PDF.
[31] “Know all about e-RUPI, the new digital payment instrument”, Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Finance, August 23, 2021, https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1743056.
[32] “Reserve Bank of India introduces the Financial Inclusion Index”, Press Releases, Reserve Bank of India, August 17, 2021, https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/PressRelease/PDFs/PR7033B7A01D0DF9D459D9FF992B53A5538C1.PDF.
[33] Report of the Expert Committee on Urban Co-Operative Banks, Reserve Bank of India, August 23, 2021, https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs//PublicationReport/Pdfs/EXPERTCOMMITTEEUCBS4CC84D84A3E64484B7ADD2D1DCB11D3D.PDF.
[34] SEBI Board Meeting, Securities and Exchange Board of India, August 6, 2021, https://www.sebi.gov.in/media/press-releases/aug-2021/sebi-board-meeting_51707.html.
[35] Securities and Exchange Board of India (Issue of Capital and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2018, Securities and Exchange Board of India, September 11, 2018, https://www.sebi.gov.in/legal/regulations/may-2021/securities-and-exchange-board-of-india-issue-of-capital-and-disclosure-requirements-regulations-2018-last-amended-on-may-05-2021-_41542.html.
[36] The Essential Defence Services Bill, 2021, Ministry of Defence, August 5, 2021, http://164.100.47.4/BillsTexts/LSBillTexts/PassedLoksabha/101C_LS_Eng_2021.pdf.
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[38] The Tribunals Reforms Act, 2021, https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2021/228989.pdf.
[39] The Tribunals Reforms (Rationalisation and Conditions of Service) Ordinance, 2021, April 4, 2021, https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2021/226364.pdf.
[40] Madras Bar Association vs Union of India, W.P.(C) No. 502 of 2021, Supreme Court of India, July 14, 2021, https://main.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2021/10688/10688_2021_36_1501_28573_Judgement_14-Jul-2021.pdf.
[41] The Finance Act, 2017, Ministry of Law and Justice, March 31, 2017, https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2017/175141.pdf.
[42] The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Amendment) Bill, 2021, Ministry of Tribal Affairs, August 9, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_parliament/2021/Constitution%20ST%20Order%20Amendment%20Bill,%202021%20Bill%20Text.pdf.
[43] The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950, Ministry of Tribal Affairs, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_parliament/2021/The%20Constitution%20(Scheduled%20Tribes)%20Order%20(Amendment)%20Act,%202021.pdf.
[44] Report no. 23, Standing Committee on Social Justice and Empowerment: ‘Assessment of Scheme for Implementation of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 (SIPDA)’, Lok Sabha, August 6, 2021, http://164.100.47.193/lsscommittee/Social%20Justice%20&%20Empowerment/17_Social_Justice_And_Empowerment_23.pdf.
[45] S.O. 3123(E), Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Gazette of India, August 3, 2021, https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2021/228751.pdf.
[46] S.O. 76(E), Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Gazette of India, January 4, 2018, https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_25_54_00002_201649_1517807328299&type=notification&filename=Guidelines%20notification_04.01.2018.pdf.
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[48] The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016, https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A2016-49_1.pdf.
[49] The National Commission for Indian System of Medicine (Amendment) Bill, 2021, August 19, 2021, https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2021/229153.pdf.
[50] The National Commission for Indian System of Medicine Act, 2020, September 21, 2020, https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/221863.pdf.
[51] The Indian Medicine Central Council Act, 1970, https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1970-48_0.pdf.
[52] The National Commission for Homoeopathy (Amendment) Act, 2021, August 19, 2021, https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2021/229156.pdf.
[53] The National Commission for Homoeopathy Act, 2020, September 21, 2020, https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/221864.pdf.
[54] The Homoeopathy Central Council Act, 1973, https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1973-59.pdf.
[55] The Homoeopathy Central Council (Amendment) Act, 2018, August 13, 2018, https://egazette.nic.in/writereaddata/2018/188510.pdf
[56] Report No. 23: The National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Amendment) Bill, 2021, Standing Committee on Chemicals and Fertilisers, August 4, 2021, http://164.100.47.193/lsscommittee/Chemicals%20&%20Fertilizers/17_Chemicals_And_Fertilizers_23.pdf.
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