Annual Review of State Laws 2021

The Indian Constitution provides for a legislature in every state.  All 28 states of India and the union territories (UTs) of Delhi and Puducherry have legislatures.  State legislatures are responsible for framing laws for states.  They also perform other functions such as approving government expenditure and holding the government accountable.  Six state legislatures (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh) have two Houses, the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council.  In August 2019, the state of Jammu & Kashmir was reorganised into the UTs of Jammu & Kashmir (with a legislature) and Ladakh.  The new legislature will be constituted after elections are held in the UT.

This note focuses on the law-making activity of 30 state legislatures in 2021.   Our analysis is based on the data available from sources such as state legislature websites, state gazettes, and responses to Right to Information requests.  A detailed note on sources and methodology is available on page 11.

The following abbreviations are used for state legislatures in the charts throughout the report.

State	Abbreviation	State	Abbreviation	State	Abbreviation
Andhra Pradesh	AP	Karnataka	KA	Rajasthan	RJ
Arunachal Pradesh	AR	Kerala	KL	Sikkim	SK
Assam	AS	Madhya Pradesh	MP	Tamil Nadu	TN
Bihar	BR	Maharashtra	MH	Telangana	TS
Chhattisgarh	CG	Manipur	MN	Tripura	TR
Goa	GA	Meghalaya	MG	Uttarakhand	UK
Gujarat	GJ	Mizoram	MZ	Uttar Pradesh	UP
Haryana	HR	Nagaland	NL	West Bengal	WB
Himachal Pradesh	HP	Odisha	OD	Delhi	DL
Jharkhand	JH	Punjab	PB	Puducherry	PY

Contents

Section

Functioning of State Legislatures

Overview of Law Making

Legislation by Subjects

Note on Sources and Methodology

Appendix 1 – List of Acts of States in 2021

Appendix 2 – List of Bills Passed by States in 2021

Appendix 3 – List of Ordinances Issued by States in 2021

FUNCTIONING OF STATE LEGISLATURES 

In 2021, state assemblies met for an average of 21 days and during this time, passed more than 500 Bills.  These Bills covered a variety of subjects such as regulating higher education, online gaming, religious conversions, and preservation of cattle.  Most of these Bills saw little legislative scrutiny.  About half of the Bills were passed within a day of their introduction.  

17 States met for less than 20 days in 2021

In 2021, 29 state assemblies met for an average of 21 days.  The average is boosted by three states – Kerala (61), Odisha (43), and Karnataka (40) which met for 40 days or more.  17 states met for less than 20 days and of these, five met for less than 10 days.  

Figure 1: Number of sitting days of state assemblies in 2021

 
Note: The chart does not include Puducherry.
Sources: Assembly websites of various states; PRS. 

Budget Sessions are the longest with 61% of sitting days

Article 174 of the Constitution states that the gap between one sitting of the Assembly and the next should not be more than six months.[i]   In most states, legislatures meet for two or three sessions in a year.  This consists of a longer budget session, which concludes by the end of March and then brief monsoon and winter sessions.  In 2021, on average, 61% of the sittings were held during the budget session.  Some states like Rajasthan, Tripura, and Punjab held more than 70% of their total sittings during the budget session.  In Manipur, Mizoram, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu, more than 80% of the total sittings were held during the budget session.

Number of sitting days declining; sharp dip in 2020 

Between 2016 and 2021, 23 state assemblies met for an average of 25 days.  States which met for fewer days include Tripura (11), Punjab (14), Haryana (14), Uttarakhand (14), and Delhi (16).  Low number of sitting days impacts legislative scrutiny of Bills, budgets, and other issues.  In 2020, the average sitting days dipped to 17 which may be due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and consequent lockdowns.  During this time period, Kerala had the highest number of sitting days at 49 days a year on average.  In the last two decades (1997-2019), the Kerala assembly has met for an average of 49 days a year.  In 2021, the assembly sat for 61 days, the highest in the last 15 years.

Figure 2: Sitting days average for 23 states Note: The chart above only includes the 23 states which are shown in Figure 3. Sources: Assembly websites of various states; PRS.

Figure 3: Average number of sitting days of state assemblies (2016-2021)

Note: The data for Assam is average of number of sitting days for 2017-2021; the chart above does not include Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Puducherry.
Sources: Assembly websites of various states; PRS.

The National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution (NCRWC) had recommended setting a minimum period of sitting days for state legislatures.[ii]  It had suggested that state legislatures with less than 70 members should meet for at least 50 days a year, while the rest should meet for at least 90 days.     There are ten states (including Puducherry) with less than 70 members, and 20 states (including Delhi and Uttarakhand) with 70 or more members.  In 2021, the average number of sitting days for the states with less than 70 members (excluding Puducherry) was 14 days, and with 70 or more members was 24 days.

Table 1: States which have a rule for minimum number of sitting days  State Minimum days Actual sitting days in 2021 Average sitting days  (2016-2021)        Karnataka 60 40 33 Manipur 50 16 - Odisha 60 43 42 Punjab 40 11 14 Uttar Pradesh 90 17 21 Note: In all states, sittings are subject to the provisions of Article 174 of the Constitution, which limits the gap between sittings at six months.  Sources: Rules of Procedure of respective states, the Karnataka Conduct of Government Business in the State Legislature Act, 2005; PRS.

Some states (Manipur, Odisha, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh) have tried to ensure minimum number of sitting days through the Rules and Procedures of their respective assemblies.  These vary from 40 days in Punjab to 90 days in Uttar Pradesh (see Table 1).  Karnataka enacted a law in 2005 to mandate a minimum of 60 sitting days.  However, none of these assemblies meet for the minimum number of sitting days. 

OVERVIEW OF LAW MAKING

This section looks at the legislative work in state assemblies.  Appropriation Bills that are passed to sanction government expenditure are not included in this analysis. 

Figure 4: The process of passing a Bill in state assemblies

 

Note: The first arrow is dotted as not all Bills are referred to Committees.  In a bicameral legislature, this process is repeated in the other House i.e., the Legislative Council as well.

On average, states passed 21 Bills in 2021

In 2021, states passed an average of 21 Bills.  The highest number of Bills were passed by Karnataka (48).  In 2020 too, Karnataka had passed the most Bills (55).   The lowest number of Bills were passed by Delhi (2), followed by Puducherry (3) and Mizoram (5).  A list of Bills passed by states is given in the Appendix.  

Figure 5: Number of Bills passed by states in 2021

 
Note: The chart above does not include Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim. 
Sources: State Gazettes, Assembly websites of various states; PRS.

Eight Legislatures passed all Bills on the day they were introduced

Legislatures have the primary responsibility of making laws.  These laws have to be examined in detail and passed after debate and deliberation.  However, state legislatures often pass Bills without adequate scrutiny, which raises the question of the quality of such laws.  In 2021, 44% of Bills were passed within a day of their introduction in the legislature.  In eight states including Gujarat, West Bengal, Punjab, and Bihar, all Bills were passed on the same day as they were introduced.  The outgoing Punjab Assembly introduced and passed 16 Bills in its last sitting.  

Five states took more than five days to pass a majority of their Bills (more than 50%).  These are Karnataka, Kerala, Meghalaya, Odisha and Rajasthan.  In Kerala, 94% of the Bills were passed after at least five days of their introduction in the legislature.  The corresponding figure was 70% for Karnataka, and 80% for Meghalaya. 

Figure 6: Bills passed in 2021 by state legislatures at different intervals after introduction

 

Note: The chart above does not include Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim.  A bill is considered passed within a day if it was passed on the day of introduction or on the next day.  For states with bicameral legislatures, bills have to be passed in both Houses.  This has been taken into account in the above chart for five states having Legislative Councils, except Bihar (information was not available for Council). 
Sources: Assembly websites, E-Gazette of various states and Right to Information requests; PRS. 

Less than 10% of the Bills were referred to committees for examination 

Committees help legislatures discuss Bills in detail and scrutinise their provisions closely.  Committees also provide an opportunity to engage with sectoral experts and stakeholders which allows for wider participation in the law-making process.^[i]  An Assembly may create ad hoc Select Committees for the specific purpose of examining a Bill.  However, at the state level, Committees are often the exception rather than the norm, and Bills are rarely examined by Committees.  In 2021, around 40 Bills, across states, were sent to Committees for detailed examination.   This number does not include Appropriation Bills.  However, Kerala referred two Finance Bills to Committees.

Kerala has 14 subject Committees, and Bills are regularly sent to these for examination.  For instance, in 2021, the Kerala Public Health Bill, 2021 was sent to a Select Committee (the Committee is yet to submit its report on the Bill).[ii]  These subject Committees are headed by their respective ministers, which weakens the mechanism for independent scrutiny by the legislature.[iii]  In Parliament, Ministers are not part of the subject Committees.  States such as West Bengal and Odisha also have subject Committees.

Joint Committee report on the Maharashtra Shakti Bill The Shakti Criminal Laws (Maharashtra Amendment) Bill, 2020 was introduced in the Maharashtra Legislative assembly on December 14, 2020. It was referred to a Joint Committee of both Houses on the same day. The Committee presented its report on December 22, 2021.[iv]  The Bill amends the Indian Penal Code, 1860, the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, and the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 in their application to Maharashtra. The Bill was passed on December 23, 2021, and it incorporated some of the suggestions made by the Committee. Key features of the Bill and related recommendations of the Committee include: Enhanced punishment: The Bill mandated death penalty for certain offences against women and children, such as rape. It also enhanced the punishment for certain offences such as throwing acid and providing false information against a person to humiliate, extort, threaten, defame, or harass them. Making false complaints was punishable with imprisonment for a maximum of one year. The Committee recommended increasing the term of imprisonment to a minimum of one and a maximum of three years. The Bill passed by the Assembly included this change. Timelines: The Bill proposed a short timeline for the completion of investigation, trial, and disposal of appeal for certain offences. Investigation was to be completed within 15 days (extendable by seven days). The Committee observed that this short period may affect the merits of the investigation. It recommended increasing this period to 30 days, extendable by a further 30 days. This recommendation was incorporated in the Bill when it was passed.

In October 2021, Goa referred two Bills to Select Committees.  These include the Goa Preservation of Trees (Amendment) Bill, 2021 and the Goa (Verification of Tenants) Bill, 2021.^[v],[vi]  The Bills lapsed with the dissolution of the 7^th Goa assembly.  Other Bills referred to Select Committees in 2021 include: (i) the Jharkhand State Employment of Local Candidates in Private Sector Bill, 2021, (ii) the Sports University of Haryana Bill, 2021, and (iii) the Himachal Pradesh Ceiling on Land Holdings (Amendment) Bill, 2021.[vii]^,[viii],[ix]  

75% of the Bills received assent from the Governor within a month 

A Bill must receive the assent of the Governor or the President to become an Act.  Article 200 of the Constitution empowers the Governor to: (i) grant assent, (ii) withhold assent, (iii) return the Bill for reconsideration, or (iv) reserve the Bill for the consideration of the President.1  The Constitution does not provide any timeframe within which assent should be given by the Governor.  In 2021, 75% of the Bills received the assent of the Governor within a month.  States, where the average time for Bills to receive assent was the shortest, include Meghalaya (four days) and Uttar Pradesh (six days).  States with comparatively longer time for assent are Jharkhand (80 days on average) and Tripura (63 days).

Figure 7: Time taken by Governor to give assent to Bills passed in 2021 Note: The chart above only includes Bills that were passed in 2021 and have received assent as of June 2022; the chart does not include: (i) nine Bills from Punjab, and (ii) any Bills of Arunachal Pradesh, Odisha, and Sikkim. Sources: Assembly websites, E-Gazette of various states, and Right to Information requests; PRS.

Kerala promulgated 144 Ordinances; other states on average issued five

It is the role of the legislature to make law.  However, the Constitution gives some law-making powers to the Executive too.   Article 213 empowers the Governor of the state to promulgate Ordinances in exceptional circumstances.¹  Ordinances are temporary laws that the government can make when immediate action is required and the legislature is not in session.  Ordinances have to be approved by the legislature within six weeks of its next meeting, failing which they lapse.  The Supreme Court has held that the Ordinance route for law making should be used only under exceptional circumstances, and should not substitute the law-making powers of the Legislature.[x]  In 2021, 21 out of 28 states promulgated Ordinances.  The Kerala government promulgated the highest number of Ordinances (144) followed by Andhra Pradesh (20) and Maharashtra (15).  In Kerala, Bills replacing 33 ordinances became Acts and in Andhra Pradesh, all Bills replacing these Ordinances became Acts in 2021. Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh also promulgated ordinances to give effect to budget proposals.

Figure 8: Number of Ordinances promulgated by states in 2021

Note: The chart above does not include Delhi and Puducherry; the projection for Kerala is not to scale.
Sources: State Gazettes, Assembly websites of various states; PRS.

Ordinances promulgated by Kerala in 2021 Kerala promulgated 144 Ordinances in 2021.  This is despite the Assembly having the highest number of sittings in the country and being the only one that met for more than 60 days.  Ordinances are promulgated in the inter-session period when immediate action is required.   In Kerala, 130 Ordinances were promulgated within four weeks of a session ending.  Only four Ordinances were promulgated in the month before the start of a session.

Figure 9: Gap between Session dates and date of Promulgation of Ordinances in Kerala Sources: Kerala Legislative assembly website; PRS.

State legislatures make laws on subjects in the State List and the Concurrent List of the Constitution.¹   These include subjects such as law and order, police, health, education, and land.  They also pass laws to approve the state government’s expenditure and tax proposals.  The following section discusses the laws passed by states across various subjects.  Note that the analysis in this section does not include Appropriation Bills. 

In 2021, apart from education (21%), taxation (12%), local government (10%), land (4%), and law and order (4%) saw the highest number of Bills passed.

Figure 10: Subject-wise laws passed by states in 2021

 
Note: Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim are not included.  The category ‘Others’ includes Industry, Language and Culture, Mining, Public Institutions, Registration, and Tourism. 
Sources: State Gazettes, Assembly websites of states; PRS.

Education

In 2021, several states passed laws to establish new universities.  Some of these established dedicated universities for skill development (Gujarat, Maharashtra, Punjab, and Sikkim), and sports (Bihar, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh).   

Some states passed laws to introduce administrative changes in higher education.   For instance, the Maharashtra Public Universities Act, 2016 provided for a committee to recommend suitable names to the Chancellor, for appointment of the Vice-Chancellor of a university.  The Act was amended to provide for such names to be sent to the state government, instead of the Chancellor.^[i]  

Several states also passed Bills to regulate medical education.  In September 2021, the Tamil Nadu assembly passed a Bill to amend the eligibility for admissions to medical colleges.  The Bill proposes to use Class 12 marks, instead of NEET scores, as a selection criterion for admissions to government seats in undergraduate medical courses in the state.^[ii]  The Bill is still awaiting the President’s assent.  Note that Tamil Nadu had previously passed a similar Bill in 2017 to exempt students from NEET.  

The Uttar Pradesh Education Service Tribunal Bill, 2021 was introduced and passed in February 2021.^[iii]  The Bill provides for setting up the Uttar Pradesh Education Services Tribunal.  The Tribunal will help in resolving disputes involving service matters of teachers and non-teaching employees of primary, secondary and higher educational institutions.

Law and Justice

Offences against women and children: Maharashtra passed the Shakti Criminal Laws (Maharashtra Amendment) Bill, 2020 (Shakti Bill), and the Maharashtra Exclusive Special Courts (for certain offences against women and children under Shakti law) Bill, 2020, after they had been examined by a Joint Committee (see box on page 3).^[iv]  The Shakti Bill enhances the punishment under existing laws for certain offences against women and children (such as rape and sexual harassment).  It provides a 30-day time limit each for conducting investigations and for completing trials.  The Special Courts Bill provides for the establishment of special courts for the speedy trial of certain offences against women and children. 

Over the years, several states have made similar amendments to existing laws (such as the Indian Penal Code, 1860) to enhance punishments for certain offences related to women.  These include Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh.^{[v],[vi],[vii]}  Andhra Pradesh passed the Disha Bill, 2019 to provide stricter punishments (including the death penalty) for certain crimes against women.^[viii]  Both the Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh laws set up: (i) exclusive courts to try offences against women and children, and (ii) electronic registries of Women and Children Offenders to capture and maintain details of persons convicted under these laws.^[ix],[x]  These registries will be made available to law enforcement agencies.

Damages to property: Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, and Tripura passed Bills to provide for recovery of damages to public or private property during disturbances to public order.^{[xi],[xii],[xiii]}  Uttar Pradesh had enacted a similar law in 2020.^[xiv]  The Madhya Pradesh law sets up a tribunal to determine the damage to property during strikes, riots, processions, or protests, and award compensation accordingly.   In addition, if the compensation decided by the tribunal is not paid within 15 days from the date of order, interest will be applicable, and the compensation amount will be recovered as an arrear of land revenue.

Protection of religious structures: Karnataka introduced a Bill to protect religious structures constructed in public places prior to the commencement of the Bill.^[xv]  The Bill defines religious structures to include temple, church, mosque, Gurudwara, Bodh Vihar, and Majar constructed in a public place without the authority of law.   It also prohibits unauthorised religious structures and constructions in public places in the future. 

Anti-lynching: Jharkhand passed the Jharkhand (Prevention of Mob Violence and Mob Lynching) Bill, 2021.^[xvi]  In cases where lynching results in the death of a person, the penalty will be rigorous imprisonment for life and a minimum fine of five lakh rupees which may be extended up to Rs 25 lakh.  The Bill also designates a senior police officer as Nodal Officer to monitor and prevent incidents of mob violence.  Rajasthan and West Bengal had passed similar laws in 2019, and Manipur in 2018.^{[xvii],[xviii],[xix]}

Preservation of cattle: Assam replaced a law from 1950 to preserve cattle by regulating their slaughter.^[xx],[xxi]  The Bill prohibits the slaughter of cows of all ages.  Bulls and bullocks, on the other hand, may be slaughtered if they are: (i) over 14 years of age, or (ii) permanently incapacitated due to accidental injury or deformity.  The Bill also restricts transporting cattle, and prohibits the sale of beef within a five-kilometre radius of a temple.  Karnataka also passed a similar Bill in 2021.^[xxii]  More than 20 states/UTs have laws prohibiting the slaughter of cows.^[xxiii]  States such as Gujarat, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Haryana completely prohibit: (i) the slaughter of cows, bulls and bullocks, and (ii) the sale or purchase of beef within the state.^{[xxiv],[xxv],[xxvi],[xxvii]} 

Table 2: Restrictions on cattle slaughter under the cattle preservation laws of select states

	Assam	Gujarat	Haryana	Karnataka	Madhya Pradesh	Maha-rashtra	Rajasthan	Tamil Nadu	Uttar Pradesh
Cow	Prohibited	Prohibited	Prohibited	Prohibited	Prohibited	Prohibited	Prohibited	Prohibited#	Prohibited
Bulls and Bullocks	Up to the age of 14 years	Prohibited	Prohibited	Prohibited	Prohibited	Prohibited	Prohibited	Up to the age of 10 years	Prohibited
Buffaloes	Not covered^	Not allowed if useful	Not covered	Up to the age of 13 years	Not covered	Not allowed if useful	Not covered	Up to the age of 10 years	Not covered
Certificate for slaughter	Required	Required	-	Required	-	Required	-	Required	-

Note: ^As per news reports, the definition of “cattle” under the Bill was amended to exclude buffaloes.  #Prohibited through a government order in 1976.  
Sources: Respective state Acts; PRS.

Religious conversion: In 2021, several states including Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Gujarat passed Bills regulating religious conversions.^{[xxviii],[xxix],[xxx]}  The Gujarat High Court put a stay order on certain provisions of the Gujarat Freedom of Religion (Amendment) Act, 2021, and the matter is currently pending in the Supreme Court.[xxxi]  Karnataka introduced a Bill (the Karnataka Protection of Right to Freedom of Religion Bill, 2021) to prohibit unlawful conversion of religion by force, misrepresentation, undue influence, allurement, fraud, or promise of marriage.   Under the Bill, any marriage done for the sole purpose of unlawful conversion will be declared void.^[xxxii]  The Karnataka Bill was passed by the Assembly and has not been passed by the Legislative Council.  An Ordinance with the same provisions as the Bill was promulgated in May 2022.[xxxiii]  Six other states have similar laws (Odisha, Arunachal Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Uttarakhand, and Himachal Pradesh).^{[xxxiv],[xxxv],[xxxvi],[xxxvii],[xxxviii]}

Online gaming: Several states have enacted laws related to online gaming.  These include Meghalaya, Nagaland, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and Sikkim.^{[xxxix], [xl],[xli],[xlii],[xliii],[xliv]}  In 2021, Tamil Nadu passed a Bill to amend the Tamil Nadu Gaming Act, 1930.[xlv]  The Bill imposed a ban on games played for a wager, bet, or other stakes in cyberspace (such as rummy and poker).  These amendments were struck down by the Madras High Court in August 2021 as unconstitutional (see text box below).^[xlvi]  Similarly, the Karnataka Police (Amendment) Act, 2021 which criminalised wagering, betting or risking money online on the unknown result of an event, was struck down by the Karnataka High Court.^[xlvii]

High Court decisions on online gaming laws in 2021  Karnataka and Tamil Nadu amended their respective laws to ban all forms of online betting, except lottery and horse racing. The amendments criminalised all forms of betting associated with games of ‘chance’. The Tamil Nadu Gaming and Police Laws (Amendment) Act, 2021 banned online games including online rummy and online poker with stakes. These amendments were struck down by the Karnataka and Madras High Courts respectively.59,[xlviii]The Karnataka and Tamil Nadu governments have challenged the High Court judgement before the Supreme Court. The main grounds for striking down these amendments include: Betting and gambling fall under the State List of the Constitution. Thus, states may legislate on betting pertaining to gambling (or games of chance), and not games of skill such as online rummy and poker.  A game of skill does not become a game of chance, whether played offline or online. A blanket ban on all forms of online games is unreasonable and disproportionate, since it negates the element of skill altogether.

Prison development: Karnataka passed a Bill to constitute the Karnataka Prison Development Board.^[xlix]  Functions of the Board include: (i) examining the living standards of prisoners, (ii) formulating correctional and job-oriented programs so that inmates can re-assimilate into society, and (iii) developing prison industries and ensuring the welfare of prisoners and prison staff.

Health

In 2021, Gujarat, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu state assemblies passed Clinical Establishment Bills.[l]^,[li],[lii]  The Gujarat Clinical Establishments (Registration and Regulation) Bill, 2021 aims at regulating government and private clinical establishments in the state by providing for a uniform standard of facilities and services at such establishments throughout the state. 

The Kerala Clinical Establishments (Registration and Regulation) Amendment Bill, 2021 replaced an Ordinance to extend the validity of the provisional registration of clinical establishments.[liii]  Kerala also passed the Kerala State Medical Practitioners Bill, 2021 to unify the provisions of the Travancore-Cochin Medical Practitioners Act, 1953 and the Madras Medical Registration Act, 1914.[liv]^,[lv],[lvi]  The Bill provides for the registration of practitioners in the field of modern medicine, Indian systems of medicine and homoeopathic medicine.

Kerala introduced the Kerala Public Health Bill, 2021 which replaces the Madras Public Health Act, 1939, and the Travancore-Cochin Public Health Act, 1955 to provide for a uniform statutory health regulation regime in the state.   It lays down the role of various authorities in areas like the control of communicable and non-communicable diseases, water supply, vector control, and sanitary conveniences.^[lvii]  The Bill has been referred to a Select Committee. 

Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh passed their respective Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Amendment Bills in 2021.[lviii]^,[lix]  Both the Bills provide that running a ‘Hookah Bar’ will be punishable with imprisonment for a minimum of one year and a maximum term of three years, along with a fine.  The Jharkhand Bill amends the central Act, which prohibits the sale of tobacco products to persons below 18 years of age.  The Bill raises this to 21 years.  It also prohibits the sale of loose cigarettes.  It also increases the radius around educational institutions where sale of cigarettes is prohibited from 100 yards (91 metres) to 100 metres. 

Finance

Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM): Every state has its own Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) law to keep its borrowing in check.  These laws limit the outstanding liabilities, revenue deficit, and fiscal deficit of the state governments.  Fiscal deficit is the difference between receipts and expenditure of the government, which it meets through borrowings.  

Given the shortage of financial resources with states due to COVID-19, the central government allowed states to borrow up to 5% of their Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) in the financial year 2020-21 under certain conditions.^[lx]  Twenty states including Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Jharkhand, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh amended their respective FRBM acts to reflect a higher borrowing space.^{[lxi],[lxii],[lxiii],[lxiv],[lxv],[lxvi]}

Usually, the FRBM laws limit the fiscal deficit to 3% of GSDP.  This can be further increased to 3.5% of GSDP if states meet certain requirements.  For the financial year 2021-22, the central government increased the fiscal deficit permitted for states to 4% of GSDP.  States have also been allowed additional borrowing up to 0.5% of GSDP upon completing certain power sector reforms.^[lxvii]

The 15^th Finance Commission in its report had recommended that the limit for net borrowings of state governments may be fixed at 4.5% of GSDP in 2021-22, 3.5% in 2022-23 and be maintained at 3% of GSDP from 2023-24 to 2025-26 (excluding borrowing linked to power sector reforms).[lxviii]  The FRBM Act of Andhra Pradesh was amended to set the state’s fiscal deficit limit (as % of GSDP) as follows: (i) 4.5% for 2021-22, (ii) 4% for 2022-23, (iii) 3.5% for 2023-26.^[lxix]  Andhra Pradesh also increased the limit of annual incremental guarantees (of borrowings of state public sector enterprises) in a financial year from 90% of the total revenue receipts of the previous year to 180%.  A new clause was inserted in the Andhra Pradesh FRBM Act, 2005 to prescribe limits of revenue deficit from 2021-22 to 2025-26.

Taxation: Nine states passed laws amending different taxes that are imposed on motor vehicles.[lxx]^{,[lxxi],[lxxii],[lxxiii],[lxxiv],[lxxv],[lxxvi],[lxxvii],[lxxviii]}  Meghalaya passed the Meghalaya (Sale of Petroleum and Petroleum Products including Motor Spirit) Taxation (Amendment) Bill, 2021 to amend tax on the sales of goods like petroleum coke, diesel, and crude oil.  In addition to these taxes, it also provides for dealers to pay pollution surcharge on sales.  Andhra Pradesh amended the registration tax, life tax, and green tax imposed on vehicles.82

Labour

Labour falls under the Concurrent List of the Constitution.^[lxxix]  Thus, both Parliament and state legislatures can make laws regulating labour in the country.   States regulate labour by either passing their own laws or amending central laws in their application to states. 

Reservation for local candidates: Haryana and Jharkhand enacted laws reserving 75% of specified jobs in private establishments in the state for local candidates.^{[lxxx],[lxxxi]}  The Haryana Act was challenged before the Punjab and Haryana High Court, which stayed its implementation.  The Supreme Court has set aside the stay.^{[lxxxii],[lxxxiii]} 

Table 3: Comparison of key provisions of state laws providing reservation in private jobs for locals

State	Year of passage of Bill	Jobs covered under the laws	Quantum of reservation
Jharkhand	2021	Salary up to Rs 40,000 per month	75%
Haryana	2020	Salary up to Rs 50,000 per month*	75%
Andhra Pradesh	2019	Jobs in industry/factories	At least 75%

Note: *As provided in the Act, the limit may be changed through notification.  It was changed to Rs. 30,000 per month in November 2021.[lxxxiv] 
Sources: Respective state Acts; PRS.

Contract labour: The Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970 regulates the employment of contract labour in establishments which employ 20 or more workers as contract labour.   Gujarat amended the Act in its application to the state to increase this threshold from 20 to 50 workers.^[lxxxv]  Note that in 2020, Parliament passed the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 which repeals the 1970 Act.  The 2020 Code regulates the employment of contract labour in establishments which employ 50 or more workers as contract labour.^[lxxxvi]  However, the Code is yet to be notified.  

Employee welfare: Kerala passed several Bills related to welfare funds, including the Kerala Employment Guarantee Workers’ Welfare Fund Bill, 2021.^[lxxxvii]  The Bill sets up a Fund for payment of pension and other benefits to workers under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme, and the state’s Ayyankali Urban Employment Guarantee Scheme.  Three other Bills passed by the Kerala assembly and a Bill passed by Tamil Nadu increase the amount paid by the employees and the employer (or the government) to the respective Welfare Funds.^{[lxxxviii],[lxxxix],[xc],[xci]}

Industry, Trade and Commerce

States are constitutionally empowered to make laws to facilitate trade and commerce within their state boundaries.  The central government can make laws related to trade and commerce across states, and with foreign countries.  

Shops and establishments Bills: The central government had proposed the Model Shops and Establishment (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Bill, 2016 for states to either adopt entirely, or to guide modification of their existing laws.  In 2021, Goa, Kerala and Tripura amended their Shops and Establishments Acts.[xcii]^{,[xciii],[xciv]}  The Goa Bill amends its original Act to simplify the renewal process for a registration certificate.  The Bill mandates that the process must be completed in seven working days.  The Kerala Bill amends the original Act to introduce automated systems to renew various certificates including the registration certificate.  The Tripura Bill aims to simplify the process of registration to enable ease of doing business.

Ease of doing business: Goa enacted the Goa Investment Promotion and Facilitation of Single Window Clearance Act, 2021.  The Act creates a Board which will promote investment and help procure speedy clearances for setting up an enterprise in the state.^[xcv]  Manipur also enacted a similar law to create the Manipur Industrial Single Window Clearance Agency.^[xcvi]  

Punjab enacted The Punjab Anti Red Tape Act, 2021.[xcvii]  This Act mandates the government-to-business and government-to-citizens service providers to redesign their processes to reduce the burden of compliance by at least 50%.  These services include those involving requests or applications for licenses, renewal of applications, and permits.  Kerala passed the Kerala Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Facilitation (Amendment) Bill, 2021.[xcviii]  The Bill mandates that the approvals and licenses required to set up enterprises should be issued within seven working days.

Agriculture

In 2021, states passed several laws related to agriculture.  These laws covered a range of subject matter, such as agriculture marketing and agricultural land. 

Several states including Haryana, Maharashtra, and Goa passed Bills to amend their agricultural produce markets Acts.^{[xcix],[c],[ci]}  Agriculture marketing in most states is regulated by the Agriculture Produce Marketing Committees (APMCs).  These committees are established by the state government through their APMC Acts.  The model Agricultural Produce and Livestock Marketing (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, that the central government released in 2017, provides states with a template to enact legislation on this subject.[cii]

The Maharashtra Assembly passed the Maharashtra Agricultural Produce Marketing (Development and Regulation) (Amendment) Bill, 2021 to levy and collect user charges for the use of any place or facility provided by the Market Committee within the market area.  Such charges may be collected from persons including (i) traders, (ii) commission agents, (iii) brokers, and (iv) warehouse workers.  Maharashtra also passed two other Bills to amend the central farm laws that were passed in 2020 (see text box below this subsection).  

Uttar Pradesh passed four Bills to regulate sugarcane production, supply and purchase.[ciii]^{,[civ],[cv],[cvi]}  In Uttar Pradesh, a law was enacted to ensure that payment of cane price to sugarcane farmers is done in a timely manner.  The Uttar Pradesh Sugarcane (Regulation of Supply and Purchase) (Second Amendment) Bill, 2021 empowers the state government to forfeit the entire loan or investment amount given by a defaulter sugar factory to a subsidiary company.  The forfeited amount may be equal to the outstanding cane arrear amount.  

Amending the Central Farm Laws  During the year, several states, including Tamil Nadu and Punjab, passed resolutions against the three Farm Bills which were passed by Parliament in September 2020. Three Bills were introduced in the Maharashtra assembly to amend the central farm laws in their application to the state.112,[cvii],[cviii]These Bills changed certain provisions in the farm laws. For example, the central Acts allowed buyers to trade outside the APMC markets without a licence. The Maharashtra Bill amended this to require traders to obtain a licence to trade in any regulated agricultural produce. The central laws penalised failure to make timely payments to farmers.     The Maharashtra Bills made these a criminal offence. The Maharashtra Bills also mandated that price paid to farmers (as per the farming agreements) must not be below MSP.  Since the Maharashtra Bills had provisions inconsistent with the central farm laws, they needed the President’s assent for enactment.  However, on November 29, 2021, Parliament repealed the three central farm laws.[cix]  Subsequently, the Maharashtra government also withdrew its farm Bills.

Land

Land falls under the State List of the Constitution, and covers aspects such as land rights, land revenue, and transfer of agricultural land.  However, certain other aspects related to land fall in the Concurrent List, such as acquisition and requisitioning of property, and transfer of property other than agricultural land. 

Tripura and Mizoram passed Bills related to the leasing of agricultural land.   The Tripura Agricultural Land Leasing Bill, 2021 and the Mizoram Agricultural Land Leasing Bill, 2021 allow the leasing of agricultural land to the landless and semi-landless poor, and also provide them with loans through credit institutions, and insurance.[cx]^,[cxi]  The provisions of these Bills are in line with the Model Agricultural Land Leasing Act, 2016 which was released by NITI Aayog.^[cxii]

Andhra Pradesh amended the Andhra Pradesh Agricultural Land (Conversion for Non-Agricultural Purposes) Act, 2006.  The Bill increases the tax to convert agricultural land to non-agricultural land from 3% to 5% of the value of the land.^[cxiii]  This was done in view of the increasing trend of agricultural lands being converted for undertaking non-agricultural activities due to rapid urbanisation.  

Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tripura amended their respective land revenue laws.^{[cxiv],[cxv],[cxvi],[cxvii]}  The Madhya Pradesh Land Revenue Code, 1959 was amended to empower the state government to create cyber tehsils (comprising one or more districts) and appoint cyber tehsildars, having the same duties and powers as tehsildars.

Under the Rajasthan Land Revenue Act, 1956, land in villages, towns or cities may be granted free of premium or rent, for storing household and other waste, manure, and fodder for cattle.[cxviii]  With the increase in population, land granted under the Act was being used for residential purposes.  The Act was amended to provide that if such land is no longer of any use except for residential purposes, then it may be allotted to the person to whom it was granted, on payment of a prescribed premium and penalty.[cxix]

Uttar Pradesh amended its Revenue Code, 2006 to reduce the fine imposed for regularising an acquisition or purchase done by companies and certain institutions, without obtaining prior approval from the state government.^[cxx]  

Housing and Urban Development

Assam and Uttarakhand passed new Bills to regulate tenancy in their state.^{[cxxi],[cxxii]}  Uttar Pradesh also passed a Bill to regulate tenancy in the urban areas of the state.[cxxiii]  Most of the provisions of these Bills are similar to the Model Tenancy Act, 2021 which was released by the central government in June 2021.[cxxiv]^,[cxxv]  The Assam Act sets up a rent authority, rent court, and rent tribunal.  It provides that all tenancies must have a written agreement that must be intimated to the Rent Authority.  The landlord must apply to the Rent Authority to evict a tenant, and eviction will be allowed only on certain conditions such as refusal to pay the agreed rent.  The Authority will resolve disputes related to revision of rent, and determine revised rates in such cases.  The Rent Court will adjudicate appeals against the Rent Authority’s orders.   Appeals against the Rent Court’s orders will lie with the Rent Tribunal. 

Goa passed the Goa Bhumiputra Adhikarini Bill, 2021 to provide for a mechanism to give ownership rights to persons (Bhumiputras) occupying certain small dwelling units.[cxxvi]  Under the Bill, a Bhumiputra is a person who has been residing in the state for at least 30 years and occupies a dwelling unit.  Such persons may be declared owners of the dwelling units occupied by them on payment of a certain amount to the government or the owner of the land on which the dwelling unit is situated.  However, in October 2021, the Chief Minister of Goa made a statement in the Legislative Assembly that the Bill will not be sent to the Governor for assent.[cxxvii]

Local Governance 

Local governance includes both urban and rural local bodies.  Municipal Corporations (in large urban areas such as cities), Municipalities (in smaller urban areas such as large towns), and Nagar Panchayats (in areas transforming from rural to urban) constitute urban local bodies.  Panchayats at the village, intermediate, and district levels constitute rural local bodies. 

Reservation for other backward classes (OBCs): Maharashtra amended its laws pertaining to both rural and urban local bodies to provide that OBCs may be granted reservation of up to 27% in these bodies, subject to the total reservation for SCs, STs and OBCs not exceeding 50% of the total seats.[cxxviii]^,[cxxix]  Odisha also passed a similar amendment to provide reservation of up to 27% in both urban and rural local bodies.[cxxx]^,[cxxxi]   Note that the Supreme Court has held that the extent of reservation for OBCs in local bodies should be such that the total reservation for SCs, STs, and OBCs taken together does not exceed 50% of the total seats.[cxxxii]

Elections to rural local bodies: In 2021, several states (including Bihar, Goa, Haryana, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Uttarakhand) enacted laws relating to elections to rural local bodies.^{140,143,[cxxxiii],[cxxxiv],[cxxxv],[cxxxvi],[cxxxvii],[cxxxviii],[cxxxix],[cxl],[cxli],[cxlii],[cxliii]}   Uttarakhand passed a Bill to amend the Uttarakhand Panchayati Raj Act, 2016.  Where elections to a rural local body cannot be conducted before the expiry of its term, the Bill empowers the state government to appoint an Administrator to function as the head of the rural local body.

Impact of COVID-19: The workload of municipal bodies increased during and after the pandemic.  In 2020, Andhra Pradesh had amended its municipal laws to delegate certain functions (including sanitation, water supply, street lighting, and waste disposal) to Municipal Corporations and Municipalities/ Nagar Panchayats.  The municipal laws permit the Mayors and Chairpersons to delegate some of their functions to Deputy Mayors and Vice Chairpersons.  In view of the increased scope of work which has devolved upon urban local bodies, Andhra Pradesh further amended its municipal laws in 2021 to have two Deputy Mayors in Municipal Corporations and two Vice-Chairpersons in Municipalities/ Nagar Panchayats.[cxliv]

Administration

Identification of beneficiaries for delivery of state benefits: The Haryana Parivar Pehchan Act, 2021 sets up an authority to assign a unique identifier number (Parivar Pehchan number) to each family residing in the state.^[cxlv]  This number will be linked to certain information which will be used to determine the eligibility of beneficiaries for delivery of benefits, subsidies, schemes, and services provided by the state. 

Official language: Punjab amended the Punjab Official Language Act, 1967 to penalise officials of state government offices, PSUs, local bodies, and schools, colleges, and universities in the state, who do not use Punjabi for all official correspondence.[cxlvi]  West Bengal passed the West Bengal Official Language (Amendment) Bill, 2021 to include Telugu in the list of recognised official languages in the state.[cxlvii]

State capitals: Andhra Pradesh passed the Andhra Pradesh Decentralization and Inclusive Development of All Regions Repeal Bill, 2021.[cxlviii]  The Bill repeals two Acts of 2020 which provided for establishing three capitals in the state, and for decentralised governance in the state. 

Maximum age of Tribunal members: Uttarakhand amended the law which established the Uttarakhand Public Services Tribunal to decide service-related disputes of public servants of the state.^[cxlix]  The amendment increased the maximum age for the chairman (from 67 to 70 years) and other members (from 65 to 67 years) of the Tribunal.  This was done to bring the maximum age under the state law in conformity with the Tribunal Reforms Act, 2021, which is a central law.

Power

Jharkhand enacted the Jharkhand Green Energy Cess Act, 2021 which provides for levying a cess of Rs 0.15 per unit on companies that produce power from conventional sources and some other organisations.^[cl]  In addition, the Bill states that the cess would not be applicable to power generation companies where the state owns a majority stake.  The Punjab assembly passed: (i) the Punjab Renewable Energy Security Reform, Termination, and Redetermination of Power Tariff Bill, 2021, and (ii) the Punjab Energy Security, Reform, Termination and Re-Determination of Power Tariff Bill, 2021.[cli]^,[clii]  The two Bills terminate all clauses impacting tariffs in the long-term Power Purchase Agreements between the Punjab State Power Corporation Limited and power generators.  The Bills refer these agreements to the Punjab State Electricity Regulatory Commission for re-determination of tariff.

NOTE ON SOURCES AND METHODOLOGY

Sources

This report is based on data from 28 states and two union territories with legislatures.  Data was gathered from six types of sources: (i) Resumes or synopses of Assembly sessions, which are typically published a few weeks after the end of a session, and provide details of all activities carried out during the session; (ii) Sitting-wise List of Business (sitting agenda), Bulletins (summary of business transacted), and Proceedings; (iii) summary documents available on state legislature websites; (iv) responses to Right to Information requests; (v) state gazette publications; and (vi) documents received through direct communication with the state legislature research officials or secretariat.  Each data point was verified across multiple sources.  In a few instances where no official source was available, news reports were used to confirm data points.  For example, in Odisha, bulletins were not available for all sitting days, these dates were confirmed through news reports.

Methodology 

This report uses eight indicators to analyse the functioning of legislatures.   ‘Sitting days’ is defined as the number of calendar days for which a House sat in one session.  If a House sat for two sittings in a day, it is treated as a single sitting day.  For Puducherry, no data on sitting days was available.  Budget sessions have been identified as those in which the annual Budget was presented.  Typically, states have one Budget session in a year.  However, some election-bound states also had an interim budget session.   For these states, Budget Session data comprises two sessions.  For the six States/UTs which are not included in Figure 3 (on page 1), historical data on sittings was either unavailable or could not be verified.  Sitting days only capture how frequently Assemblies meet and do not give any information about how long they worked on each day.  The number of scheduled hours per sitting also differs across states.

Total number of Bills passed was determined from session resumes and bulletins.  Each Bill and Act is numbered chronologically, and this series was used to identify gaps, if any.  However, states follow different conventions for numbering Bills and Acts, and Bill and Act copies could not be located for some states.   For instance, Kerala includes, in the same series, Bills that are published in the gazette but not introduced in the House.  Assam and Odisha do not assign Bill numbers.  Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim were not included in this section because the completeness of the list of Bills passed by their Assemblies could not be verified.  This analysis does not consider Appropriation Bills and Finance Bills, and includes only those Bills which were passed by the Legislature in 2021.  

The analysis of the time taken for passing a Bill (Figure 6) and the time taken for a Bill to receive the Governor’s assent (Figure 7) is based on the dates of introduction, passing, and assent of the Bill.  For states with Assembly as well as Council, the date of introduction for a Bill is the date on which it was introduced in the first House.   The date of passage is the date on which the Bill was passed in the second House.  However, this exercise could be performed only for five out of the six states with bicameral legislatures.  Since no data was available on the functioning of the Bihar Legislative Council, the Assembly introduction and passage dates have been considered for this state.  Odisha has not been included in the analysis of time taken for assent (Figure 7) because assent dates could not be confirmed.  

As with sitting days, the time interval between the introduction and passing of Bills does not reflect the quality of legislative scrutiny.  This could be measured using various other indicators such as the actual time taken to discuss a Bill in the House, the details of the debate on a Bill, and the number of Members who participated in the debate.  However, unlike Parliament, most states do not publish complete proceedings or detailed information on Bill debates.  Kerala, in its session resume, releases information on debates, including the number of amendment motions moved.  In other states like Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, and Goa, these details can be extracted from the proceedings of the House. 

The primary challenge in the data collection and verification process was the inconsistent manner in which State Assemblies publish data.  Some states do not regularly update their websites or the National eVidhan Application (a central initiative to collate information on all legislatures).  Data on the indicators chosen here was not available for all states/UTs.  We could not rely on the Journal of Parliamentary Information (released by Parliament) as we found data missing for several states.   In a few cases, news reports were relied on to address gaps.  Discrepancies between official documents were also found, which lengthened the verification process.  The availability of documents only in regional languages in some states increased the difficulty of collecting and verifying the data. 

 APPENDIX 1:   LIST OF ACTS OF STATES IN 2021

This list includes state laws enacted in 2021 that are available on state assembly websites and state gazettes. 

Andhra Pradesh

1. Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences University (Amendment) Act, 2021
2. The Andhra Pradesh (Regulation of Trade in Indian Made Foreign Liquor, Foreign Liquor) (Amendment) Act, 2021
3. The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural Land (Conversion for Non- Agricultural purposes) (Amendment) Act, 2021
4. The Andhra Pradesh Assigned Lands (Prohibition of Transfers) (Amendment) Act, 2021
5. The Andhra Pradesh Bovine Breeding (Regulation of Production & Sale of Bovine Semen and Artificial Insemination Services) Act, 2021
6. The Andhra Pradesh Charitable and Hindu Religious Institutions and Endowments (Amendment) Act, 2021
7. The Andhra Pradesh Charitable and Hindu Religious Institutions and Endowments (Second Amendment) Act, 2021
8. The Andhra Pradesh Cinemas (Regulation) (Amendment) Act, 2021
9. The Andhra Pradesh Decentralization and Inclusive Development of All Regions Repeal Act, 2021
10. The Andhra Pradesh Education (Amendment) Act, 2021
11. The Andhra Pradesh Electricity Duty (Amendment) Act, 2020
12. The Andhra Pradesh Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (Amendment) Act, 2021
13. The Andhra Pradesh Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021
14. The Andhra Pradesh Higher Education Regulatory and Monitoring Commission (Amendment) Act, 2021
15. The Andhra Pradesh Medical Education and Research Corporation (APMERC) Act, 2021
16. The Andhra Pradesh Motor Vehicles Taxation (Amendment) Act, 2021
17. The Andhra Pradesh Municipal Laws (Amendment) Act, 2021
18. The Andhra Pradesh Municipal Laws (Second Amendment) Act, 2021
19. The Andhra Pradesh Panchayat Raj (Amendment) Act, 2020
20. The Andhra Pradesh Panchayat Raj (Amendment) Act, 2021
21. The Andhra Pradesh Private Universities (Establishment and Regulation) (Amendment) Act, 2021.
22. The Andhra Pradesh Rights in Land and Pattadar Pass Books (Amendment) Act, 2021
23. The Andhra Pradesh Road Development Corporation (Amendment) Act, 2021
24. The Andhra Pradesh Self Help Groups (SHG) Women Co-contributory Pension (Amendment) Act, 2021
25. The Andhra Pradesh State Commission for Scheduled Castes Act, 2019
26. The Andhra Pradesh State Educational Institutions (Reservation in Teachers Cadre) Act, 2021
27. The Andhra Pradesh Survey and Boundaries (Amendment) Act, 2021
28. The Andhra Pradesh Universities (Amendment) Act, 2021
29. The Andhra Pradesh Value Added Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021
30. The Jawaharlal Nehru Technological Universities (Amendment) Act, 2021
31. The Municipal Corporations (Amendment) Act, 2021

Arunachal Pradesh

1. The Arunachal Pradesh (Reorganization of Districts) (Amendment) Act, 2021
2. The Arunachal Pradesh Civil Courts Act, 2021
3. The Arunachal Pradesh Ease of Doing Business Act, 2021
4. The Arunachal Pradesh Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (Amendment) Act, 2021
5. The Arunachal Pradesh Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021
6. The Arunachal Pradesh Indian Medicine Council (Amendment) Act, 2021
7. The Arunachal Pradesh Legislature Members (Prevention on Disqualifications) (Amendment) Act, 2021
8. The Arunachal Pradesh Municipal Corporation (Amendment) Act, 2021
9. The lndustrial Disputes (Arunachal Pradesh Amendment) Act, 2020

Assam

1. The Assam Agricultural Income Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021
2. The Assam Cattle Preservation Act, 2021
3. The Assam Co-operative Societies (Amendment) Act, 2021
4. The Assam Ease of Doing Business (Amendment) Act, 2020
5. The Assam Education (Provincialisation of Services of Non-Teaching Staff of Venture Educational Institutions) (Amendment) Act, 2020
6. The Assam Electricity Duty (Amendment) Act, 2021
7. The Assam Employees' Parent Responsibility and Norms for Accountability and Monitoring (Amendment) Act, 2021
8. The Assam Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (Amendment) Act, 2021
9. The Assam Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021
10. The Assam Micro Finance Institutions (Regulation of Money Lending) Act, 2020
11. The Assam Municipal (Amendment) Act, 2021
12. The Assam Municipal (Second Amendment) Act, 2021
13. The Assam Municipal Employees Act, 2021
14. The Assam Official Language (Amendment) Act, 2020
15. The Assam Professions, Trades, Callings and Employments Taxation (Amendment) Act, 2021
16. The Assam Repealing Act, 2020
17. The Assam Taxation (Liquidation of Arrear Dues) Amendment Act, 2020
18. The Assam Taxation (On Specified Lands) (Amendment) Act, 2021
19. The Assam Tea Plantations Provident Fund and Pension Fund and Deposit Linked Insurance Fund Scheme (Amendment) Act, 2020
20. The Assam Tenancy Act, 2021
21. The Assam Value Added Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021
22. The Assam Women's University (Amendment) Act, 2021
23. The Bengal, Agra and Assam Civil Courts (Assam Amendment) Act, 2021
24. The Bodo Kachari Welfare Autonomous Council Act, 2020
25. The Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) (Assam Amendment) Act, 2020
26. The Indian Stamp (Assam Amendment) Act, 2021
27. The Industrial Disputes (Assam Amendment) Act, 2020
28. The Kamatapur Autonomous Council (Amendment) Act, 2020
29. The Majuli University of Culture (Amendment) Act, 2021
30. The Matak Autonomous Council (Amendment) Act, 2020
31. The Moran Autonomous Council (Amendment) Act, 2020

Bihar

1. The Aryabhatta Knowledge University (Amendment) Act, 2021
2. The Bihar Engineering University Act, 2021
3. The Bihar Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (Amendment) Act, 2021 (Act No. 4 of 2021)
4. The Bihar Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (Amendment) Act, 2021 (Act No. 15 of 2021)
5. The Bihar Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021
6. The Bihar Land Mutation (Amendment) Act, 2021
7. The Bihar Lokayukta (Amendment) Act, 2021
8. The Bihar Municipal (Amendment) Act, 2021
9. The Bihar Panchayat Raj (Amendment) Act, 2021 (Act No. 7 of 2021)
10. The Bihar Panchayat Raj (Amendment) Act, 2021 (Act No. 17 of 2021)
11. The Bihar Settlement of Taxation Disputes Act, 2021
12. The Bihar Special Armed Police Act, 2021
13. The Bihar Sports University Act, 2021
14. The Bihar State Higher Education Council (Amendment) Act, 2021
15. The Bihar State University (Amendment) Act, 2021
16. The Bihar State University Service Commission (Amendment) Act, 2021
17. The Bihar Technical Service Commission (Amendment) Act, 2021
18. The Bihar University of Health Sciences Act, 2021
19. The Patna University (Amendment) Act, 2021

Chhattisgarh

1. The Chhattisgarh Chandulal Chandrakar Memorial Medical College Durg (Acquisition) Act, 2021
2. The Chhattisgarh Electricity Duty (Amendment) Act, 2021
3. The Chhattisgarh Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (Amendment) Act, 2020
4. The Chhattisgarh Krishi Upaj Mandi (Amendment) Act, 2020
5. The Chhattisgarh Municipal Corporation (Amendment) Act, 2020
6. The Chhattisgarh Municipalities (Amendment) Act, 2020
7. The Chhattisgarh Private Universities (Establishment and Operation) (Amendment) Act, 2021
8. The Chhattisgarh Rent Control (Amendment) Act, 2020
9. The Chhattisgarh University (Amendment) Act,2020
10. The Chhattisgarh Vidhan Mandal Sadasya Nirharta Nivaran (Amendment) Act, 2021
11. The Indian Stamp (Chhattisgarh Amendment) Act,2020
12. The Prisoners (Chhattisgarh Amendment) Act, 2021

Delhi

1. The Delhi Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021
2. The NCT of Delhi (Incredible India) Bed and Breakfast Establishments (Registration & Regulation) (Amendment) Act, 2021

Goa

1. India International University of Legal Education and Research of the Bar Council of India Trust at Goa Act, 2021
2. The Court-Fees (Goa Amendment) Act, 2021
3. The Goa (Regulation of Film Shooting) Act, 2021
4. The Goa (Regulation of House Building Advance) Act, 2021
5. The Goa Agricultural Tenancy (Amendment) Act, 2021
6. The Goa Agriculture Produce and livestock Marketing (Promotion and facilitation) Amendment Act, 2021
7. The Goa Barge (Taxation on Goods) (Amendment) Act, 2021
8. The Goa Co-operative Societies (Amendment) Act, 2021
9. The Goa Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (Amendment) Act, 2021
10. The Goa Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021
11. The Goa Housing Board (Amendment) Act, 2021
12. The Goa Investment Promotion and Facilitation of Single Window Clearance Act, 2021
13. The Goa Land Revenue Code (Amendment) Act, 2021
14. The Goa Laws (Amendment) Act, 2021
15. The Goa Lokayukta (Amendment) Act, 2021
16. The Goa Mineral Development Corporation Act, 2021
17. The Goa Motor Vehicles Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021
18. The Goa Municipalities (Amendment) Act, 2021
19. The Goa Non-Biodegradable Garbage (Control) (Amendment) Act, 2021
20. The Goa Panchayat Raj (Amendment) Act, 2021
21. The Goa Public Gambling (Amendment) Act, 2021
22. The Goa Public Lighting Duty Act, 2021
23. The Goa Regularisation of Unauthorized Construction (Amendment) Act, 2021
24. The Goa Shops and Establishment (Amendment) Act, 2021
25. The Goa Staff Selection Commission (Amendment) Act, 2021
26. The Goa Town and Country Planning (Amendment) Act, 2021
27. The Goa Waste Management (Amendment) Act, 2021
28. The Indian Stamp (Goa Amendment) Act, 2021

Gujarat

1. The "Kaushalya" the Skill University Act, 2021
2. The Child and Adolescent Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) (Gujarat Amendment) Act, 2020
3. The Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) (Gujarat Amendment) Act, 2020
4. The Gujarat Ayurved University Act, 2021
5. The Gujarat Clinical Establishments (Registration and Regulation) Act, 2021
6. The Gujarat Fire Prevention and Life Safety Measures (Amendment) Act, 2021
7. The Gujarat Fiscal Responsibility (Amendment) Act, 2021
8. The Gujarat Freedom of Religion (Amendment) Act, 2021
9. The Gujarat Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021
10. The Gujarat Panchayats (Amendment) Act, 2021
11. The Gujarat Private Universities (Amendment) Act, 2021
12. The Gujarat Private Universities (Second Amendment) Act, 2021
13. The Gujarat Professional Medical Educational Colleges or Institutions (Regulation of Admission and Fixation of Fees) (Amendment) Act, 2021
14. The Gujarat Prohibition of Transfer of Immovable Property and Provision for Protection of Tenants from Eviction from premises in the Disturbed Areas (Amendment) Act, 2021
15. The Gujarat Secondary and Higher Secondary Education (Amendment) Act, 2021
16. The Gujarat State Tax on Professions, Trades, Callings and Employments (Amendment) Act, 2021
17. The Industrial Disputes (Gujarat Amendment) Act, 2020
18. The Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University (Amendment) Act, 2021
19. The Small Cause Courts Laws (Gujarat Amendment) Act, 2020

Haryana

1. The Haryana Contingency Fund (Amendment) Act, 2021
2. The Haryana Development and Regulation of Urban Areas (Amendment) Act, 2021
3. The Haryana Enterprises Promotion (Amendment) Act, 2021
4. The Haryana Enterprises Promotion (Second Amendment) Act, 2021
5. The Haryana Excise (Amendment) Act, 2021
6. The Haryana Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021
7. The Haryana Goods and Services Tax (Second Amendment) Act, 2021
8. The Haryana Lokayukta (Amendment) Act, 2021.
9. The Haryana Management of Civic Amenities and Infrastructure Deficient Areas Outside Municipal Area (Special Provisions) Act, 2021
10. The Haryana Management of Civic Amenities and Infrastructure Deficient Municipal Areas (Special Provisions) Amendment Act, 2021
11. The Haryana Municipal (Amendment) Act, 2021
12. The Haryana Municipal Corporation (Amendment) Act, 2021
13. The Haryana Panchayati Raj (Amendment) Act, 2021
14. The Haryana Parivar Pehchan Act, 2021
15. The Haryana Pond and Waste Water Management Authority (Amendment) Act, 2021
16. The Haryana Public Examination (Prevention of Unfair Means) Act, 2021
17. The Haryana Recovery of Damages to Property During Disturbance to Public Order Act, 2021
18. The Haryana Rural Development (Amendment) Act, 2021
19. The Haryana Scheduled Roads and Controlled Areas Restriction of Unregulated Development (Amendment and Validation) Act, 2021
20. The Haryana Short Titles Amendment Act, 2021
21. The Haryana State Employment of Local Candidates Act, 2020
22. The Haryana Yog Aayog Act, 2021
23. The Maharishi Balmiki Sanskrit University, Kaithal (Amendment) Act, 2021
24. The Panchkula Metropolitan Development Authority Act, 2021
25. The Panchkula Metropolitan Development Authority (Amendment) Act, 2021
26. The Pandit Lakhmi Chand State University of Performing and Visual Arts, Rohtak (Amendment) Act, 2021
27. The Punjab Labour Welfare Fund (Haryana Amendment) Act, 2021
28. The Punjab Land Revenue (Haryana Amendment) Act, 2020
29. The Punjab Security of Land Tenures (Haryana Amendment) Act, 2017

Himachal Pradesh

1. The Contract Labour Regulation and Abolition (Himachal Pradesh) Amendment Act, 2020
2. The Himachal Pradesh Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (Amendment) Act, 2021
3. The Himachal Pradesh Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021
4. The Himachal Pradesh Loktantra Prahri Samman Act, 2021
5. The Himachal Pradesh Municipal Corporation (Amendment) Act, 2021
6. The Industrial Disputes (Himachal Pradesh Amendment) Act, 2020

Jharkhand

1. The Jharkhand Electricity Duty (Amendment) Act, 2021
2. The Jharkhand Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (Amendment) Act, 2021
3. The Jharkhand Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021 (Act No. 4 of 2021)
4. The Jharkhand Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021 (Act No. 10 of 2021)
5. The Jharkhand Green Energy Cess Act, 2021
6. The Jharkhand Motor Vehicle Taxation (Amendment) Act, 2021
7. The Jharkhand Municipal (Amendment) Act, 2021
8. The Jharkhand Panchayati Raj (Amendment) Act, 2021
9. The Jharkhand State Employment of Local Candidates in Private Sector Act, 2021
10. The Jharkhand State Open University Act, 2021
11. The Srinath University Act, 2021

Karnataka

1. Sri Jagadhguru Murugarajendra University Act, 2020
2. The Atria University Act, 2020
3. The Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage (Amendment) Act, 2021
4. The Bengaluru Dr. B.R. Ambedkar School of Economics University (Amendment) Act, 2021
5. The Chanakya University Act, 2021
6. The Karnataka Agricultural Pests and Diseases (Amendment) Act, 2021
7. The Karnataka Cooperative Societies (Amendment) Act, 2021
8. The Karnataka Epidemic Diseases (Amendment) Act, 2020
9. The Karnataka Fiscal Responsibility (Amendment) Act, 2021
10. The Karnataka Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021
11. The Karnataka Gram Swaraj and Panchayat Raj (Amendment) Act, 2021
12. The Karnataka Khadi and Village Industries (Amendment) Act, 2021
13. The Karnataka Krishna Basin Development Authority (Repeal) Act, 2021
14. The Karnataka Local Fund Authorities Fiscal Responsibility (Amendment) Act, 2021
15. The Karnataka Maritime Board (Amendment) Act, 2021
16. The Karnataka Money Lenders (Amendment) Act, 2021
17. The Karnataka Motor Vehicles Taxation (Second Amendment) Act, 2020
18. The Karnataka Municipal Corporations (Amendment) Act, 2021
19. The Karnataka Municipalities (Amendment) Act, 2021
20. The Karnataka Municipalities (Second Amendment) Act, 2021
21. The Karnataka Municipalities and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2021
22. The Karnataka Municipalities and Certain Other Law (Second Amendment) Act, 2021
23. The Karnataka Police (Amendment) Act, 2021
24. The Karnataka Prevention of Slaughter and Preservation of Cattle Act, 2020
25. The Karnataka Prison Development Board Act, 2021
26. The Karnataka Protection of Interest of Depositors in Financial Establishments (Amendment) Act, 2020
27. The Karnataka Religious Structures (Protection) Act, 2021
28. The Karnataka Shops and Commercial Establishments (Second Amendment) Act, 2020
29. The Karnataka Souharda Sahakari (Amendment) Act, 2021
30. The Karnataka Stamp (Amendment) Act, 2021
31. The Karnataka State Civil Services (Amendment) Act, 2020
32. The Karnataka State Civil Services (Regulation of Transfer of Teachers) (Amendment) Act, 2021
33. The Karnataka Town and Country Planning (Amendment) Act, 2021
34. The Karnataka Transparency in Public Procurements (Amendment) Act, 2021
35. The New Horizon University Act, 2021
36. The Rai Technology University, Bangalore (Amendment) Act, 2018
37. The St. Joseph’s University Act, 2021
38. The University of Horticultural Sciences (Amendment) Act, 2020
39. Vidya Shilpa University Act, 2020

Kerala

1. The Kerala Agricultural Workers' (Amendment) Act, 2021
2. The Kerala Bamboo, Kattuvalli and Pandanus Leaf Workers' Welfare Fund (Amendment) Act, 2021
3. The Kerala Cashew Workers' Relief and Welfare Fund (Amendment) Act, 2021
4. The Kerala Clinical Establishments (Registration and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2021
5. The Kerala Coir Workers' Welfare Fund (Amendment) Act, 2021
6. The Kerala Co-operative Societies (Amendment) Act, 2021
7. The Kerala Devaswom Recruitment Board (Amendment) Act, 2021
8. The Kerala Education (Amendment) Act, 2021
9. The Kerala Employment Guarantee Workers’ Welfare Fund Act, 2021
10. The Kerala Epidemic Diseases Act, 2021
11. The Kerala Fiscal Responsibility (Amendment) Act, 2021
12. The Kerala Fish Procurement, Marketing and Maintenance of Quality Act, 2021
13. The Kerala General Sales Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021
14. The Kerala Headload Workers (Amendment) Act, 2021
15. The Kerala Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture (Amendment) Act, 2021
16. The Kerala Labour Welfare Fund (Amendment) Act, 2021
17. The Kerala Marine Fishing Regulation (Amendment) Act, 2021
18. The Kerala Micro Small and Medium Enterprises Facilitation (Amendment) Act, 2021
19. The Kerala Minerals (Vesting of Rights) Act, 2021
20. The Kerala Municipality (Amendment) Act, 2021
21. The Kerala Panchayat Raj (Amendment) Act, 2021
22. The Kerala Public Service Commission (Additional Functions as Respects the Services under the Waqf Board) Act, 2021
23. The Kerala Self Financing College Teaching and Non-Teaching Employees (Appointment and Conditions of Service) Act, 2021
24. The Kerala Shops and Commercial Establishments (Amendment) Act, 2021
25. The Kerala Shops and Commercial Establishments Workers' Welfare Fund (Amendment) Act, 2021
26. The Kerala Small Plantation Workers' Welfare Fund (Amendment) Act, 2021
27. The Kerala State Goods and Service Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021
28. The Kerala State Medical Practitioners Act, 2021
29. The Kerala Tailoring Workers' Welfare Fund (Amendment) Act, 2021
30. The Kerala Toddy Industry Development Board Act, 2021
31. The Kerala Town and Country Planning (Amendment) Act, 2021
32. The Kerala University of Digital Sciences, Innovation and Technology Act, 2021
33. The Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (Amendment) Act, 2021
34. The Sree Narayana Guru Open University Act, 2021

Madhya Pradesh

1. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University of Social Sciences (Amendment) Act, 2021
2. Pandit S.N. Shukla University (Amendment) Act, 2021
3. The Madhya Pradesh Bhoj (Open) University (Amendment) Act, 2021
4. The Madhya Pradesh Civil Courts (Amendment) Act, 2021
5. The Madhya Pradesh Co-operative Societies (Amendment) Act, 2021
6. The Madhya Pradesh Excise (Amendment) Act, 2021
7. The Madhya Pradesh Freedom of Religion Act, 2021
8. The Madhya Pradesh Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021
9. The Madhya Pradesh High Speed Diesel Upkar (Amendment) Act, 2021
10. The Madhya Pradesh Karadhan Adhinayamon ki Puranee Bakaya Raashi ka Samadhan Act, 2021
11. The Madhya Pradesh Lok Sewaon ke Pradan ki Guarantee (Amendment) Act, 2021
12. The Madhya Pradesh Motor Spirit Upkar (Amendment) Act, 2021
13. The Madhya Pradesh Municipal Laws (Amendment) Act, 2021
14. The Madhya Pradesh Nagarpalik Vidhi (Second Amendment) Act, 2021
15. The Madhya Pradesh Niji Vishwavidyalaya (Sthapana evam Sanchalan) Amendment Act, 2021
16. The Madhya Pradesh Rajya Pichhada Varg Ayog (Amendment) Act, 2021
17. The Madhya Pradesh Sinchai Prabandhan Krishkon Ki Bhagidari (Sanshodhan) Act, 2021
18. The Madhya Pradesh VAT (Amendment) Act, 2021
19. The Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalay (Sanshodhan) Act, 2021

Maharashtra

1. The Atlas Skilltech University Mumbai Act, 2021
2. The Maharashtra (Urban Areas) Protection and Preservation of Trees (Amendment) Act, 2021
3. The Maharashtra Co-operative Societies (Amendment) Act, 2021
4. The Maharashtra Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021
5. The Maharashtra Gunthewari Developments (Regularisation, Upgradation and Control) Amendment Act, 2021
6. The Maharashtra Municipal Corporations and the Maharashtra Municipal Councils, Nagar Panchayats and Industrial Townships (Amendment) Act, 2020
7. The Maharashtra Municipal Corporations and the Maharashtra Municipal Councils, Nagar Panchayats and Industrial Townships (Amendment) Act, 2021
8. The Maharashtra Nurses (Amendment) Act, 2021
9. The Maharashtra Official Languages (Amendment) Act, 2021
10. The Maharashtra Paragana and Kulkarni Watans (Abolition), Maharashtra Service Inams (Useful to Community) Abolition, Maharashtra Merged Territories Miscellaneous Alienations Abolition, Maharashtra Inferior Village Watans Abolition and Maharashtra Revenue Patels (Abolition of Office) (Amendment) Act, 2021
11. The Maharashtra Public Universities (Amendment) Act, 2021
12. The Maharashtra Stamp (Amendment and Validation) Act, 2021
13. The Maharashtra State Skills University Act, 2021

Manipur

1. The Asian International University, Manipur Act, 2021
2. The Court Fees (Manipur Amendment) Act, 2021
3. The Lainingthou Sanamahi Temple (Second Amendment) Act, 2021
4. The Manipur (Courts) (Second Amendment) Act, 2021
5. The Manipur Agricultural Produce and Livestock Marketing (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, 2021
6. The Manipur Conservation of Paddy Land and Wetland (Amendment) Act, 2021
7. The Manipur Conservation of Paddy Land and Wetland (Second Amendment) Act, 2021
8. The Manipur Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (Second Amendment) Act, 2021
9. The Manipur Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (Third Amendment) Act, 2021
10. The Manipur Goods and Services Tax (Third Amendment) Act, 2021
11. The Manipur Goods and Services Tax (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2021
12. The Manipur Industrial Single Window Clearance Act, 2021
13. The Manipur Legislature (Removal of Disqualifications) (Fifth Amendment) Act, 2021
14. The Manipur Legislature (Removal of Disqualifications) (Sixth Amendment) Act, 2021
15. The Manipur Liquor Prohibition (Third Amendment) Act, 2021
16. The Manipur Official Language (Amendment) Act, 2021
17. The Manipur Oil Palm (Regulation of Production and Processing) Act, 2021
18. The Manipur Private Universities Act, 2021
19. The Manipur Public Services Delivery Guarantee Act, 2021
20. The Manipur Shops and Establishments (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 2021
21. The Manipur State Planning Authority Act, 2021

Meghalaya

1. The Contingency Fund of Meghalaya (Amendment) Act, 2021
2. The Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India University (Amendment) Act, 2021
3. The Meghalaya (Sales of Petroleum and Petroleum Products including Motor Spirit) Taxation (Amendment) Act, 2021
4. The Meghalaya Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (Amendment) Act, 2021
5. The Meghalaya Forest Regulation (Amendment) Act, 2021
6. The Meghalaya Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021
7. The Meghalaya Local Fund (Audit) Act, 2021
8. The Meghalaya Lokayukta (Amendment) Act, 2021
9. The Meghalaya Municipal (Amendment) Act, 2021
10. The Meghalaya Regulation of Gaming Act, 2021

Mizoram

1. The Mizoram Agricultural Land Leasing Act, 2021
2. The Mizoram Civil Courts (Amendment) Act, 2021
3. The Mizoram Goods and Service Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021
4. The Mizoram Licensing and Regulation of Private Veterinary Hospitals and Clinics Act, 2021
5. The Mizoram State Higher Education Council (Amendment) Act, 2021

Nagaland

1. The Nagaland Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (Amendment) Act, 2021
2. The Nagaland Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2021
3. The Nagaland Goods and Services Tax (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2020
4. The Nagaland Goods and Services Tax (Fifth Amendment) Act, 2021
5. The Nagaland Professions, Trades, Callings and Employment Taxation (Fifth Amendment) Act, 2021

Odisha

1. The Contract Labour (Regulation & Abolition) (Odisha Amendment) Act, 2020
2. The Industrial Disputes (Odisha Amendment) Act, 2020
3. The Odisha Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (Amendment) Act, 2021
4. The Odisha Government Land Settlement (Amendment) Act, 2021
5. The Odisha Lokayukta (Amendment) Act, 2021
6. The Odisha State Commission for Backward Classes (Amendment) Act, 2020
7. The Xavier University, Odisha (Amendment) Act, 2021

Puducherry

1. The Puducherry Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021
2. The Puducherry Settlement of Arrears Act, 2020
3. The Puducherry Value Added Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021
4. The Puducherry Value Added Tax (Second Amendment) Act, 2021

Punjab

1. The Amity University, Punjab Act, 2021
2. The Lamrin Tech Skills University, Punjab Act, 2021
3. The Plaksha University, Punjab Act, 2021
4. The Punjab (Institutions and Other Buildings) Tax (Repeal) Act, 2021
5. The Punjab (Welfare and Settlement of Landless, Marginal and Small Occupant Farmers) Allotment of State Government Land Act, 2020
6. The Punjab Abadi Deb (Record of Rights) Act, 2021
7. The Punjab Affiliated Colleges (Security of Service) Amendment Act, 2021
8. The Punjab Anti Red Tape Act, 2021
9. The Punjab Apartment and Property Regulation (Amendment) Act, 2021
10. The Punjab Apartment Ownership (Amendment) Act, 2021
11. The Punjab Bureau of Investment Promotion (Amendment) Act, 2021
12. The Punjab Contract Farming (Repeal) Act, 2021
13. The Punjab Co-operative Societies (Amendment) Act, 2021
14. The Punjab Excise (Amendment) Act, 2021
15. The Punjab Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (Amendment) Act, 2021
16. The Punjab Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (Second Amendment) Act, 2021
17. The Punjab Fruit Nurseries (Amendment) Act, 2021
18. The Punjab Infrastructure (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2021
19. The Punjab Learning of Punjabi and other Languages (Amendment) Act, 2021
20. The Punjab Motor Vehicles Taxation (Amendment) Act, 2021
21. The Punjab Official Language (Amendment) Act, 2021
22. The Punjab Regional and Town Planning and Development (Amendment) Act, 2021
23. The Punjab Right to Business (Amendment) Act, 2021
24. The Punjab Village Common Lands (Regulation) Amendment Act, 2021
25. The Sardar Beant Singh State University Act, 2021
26. The Shaheed Bhagat Singh State University Act, 2021

Rajasthan

1. The MBM University, Jodhpur Act, 2021
2. The Rajasthan Agriculture Universities Laws (Amendment) Act, 2020
3. The Rajasthan Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (Amendment) Act, 2021
4. The Rajasthan Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021
5. The Rajasthan Land Revenue (Amendment) Act, 2021
6. The Rajasthan Laws (Amendment) Act, 2021
7. The Rajasthan Laws (Second Amendment) Act, 2021
8. The Rajasthan Municipalities (Amendment) Act, 2021
9. The Rajasthan Panchayati Raj (Amendment) Act, 2021
10. The Rajasthan State Road Transport Service (Prevention of Ticketless Travel) Amendment Act, 2021
11. The Rajasthan Tourism Trade (Facilitation and Regulation) (Amendment) Act, 2021
12. The Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (Amendment) Act, 2020
13. The Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agriculture University, Bikaner (Amendment) Act, 2020

Sikkim

1. Sikkim State University (Amendment) Act, 2021
2. The Eastern Institute for Integrated Learning in Management University, Sikkim (Amendment) Act, 2021
3. The Medhavi Skills University Sikkim Act, 2021
4. The Sikkim (Reorganization of Districts) Act, 2021
5. The Sikkim Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (Amendment) Act, 2021
6. The Sikkim Industries Licensing (Amendment) Act, 2021
7. The Sikkim International University Act, 2021
8. The Sikkim Labour (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 2021
9. The Sikkim Manipal University of Health, Medical, Technological Sciences (Amendment) Act, 2021
10. The Sikkim Municipalities (Amendment) Act, 2021
11. The Sikkim Panchayat (Amendment) Act, 2021
12. The Sikkim Regulation of Societies, Association and other Voluntary Organizations (Amendment) Act, 2021
13. The Sikkim Skill University Act, 2021

Tamil Nadu

1. The Annamalai University and the Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai (Amendment) Act, 2021
2. The Dr. J. Jayalalithaa University Act, 2021
3. The Tamil Nadu Acquisition of Land for Industrial Purposes (Amendment) Act, 2021
4. The Tamil Nadu Admission to Undergraduate Professional Courses on Preferential Basis to Students of Government Schools Act, 2021
5. The Tamil Nadu Agricultural Produce and Livestock Contract Farming and Services (Promotion and Facilitation) Repeal Act, 2021
6. The Tamil Nadu Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation) Amendment Act, 2021
7. The Tamil Nadu Clinical Establishments (Regulation) Amendment Act, 2021
8. The Tamil Nadu Co-operative Societies (Amendment) Act, 2021
9. The Tamil Nadu Court-Fees and Suits Valuation (Amendment) Act, 2021
10. The Tamil Nadu Court-Fees and Suits Valuation (Second Amendment) Act, 2021
11. The Tamil Nadu District Municipalities (Amendment) Act, 2021
12. The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai (Second Amendment) Act, 2021
13. The Tamil Nadu Fiscal Responsibility (Amendment) Act, 2021
14. The Tamil Nadu Gaming and Police Laws (Amendment) Act, 2021
15. The Tamil Nadu Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021
16. The Tamil Nadu Goods and Services Tax (Second Amendment) Act, 2021
17. The Tamil Nadu Government Servants (Conditions of Service) Amendment Act, 2021
18. The Tamil Nadu Government Servants (Conditions of Service) Second Amendment Act, 2021
19. The Tamil Nadu Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments (Amendment) Act, 2021
20. The Tamil Nadu Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments (Second Amendment) Act, 2021
21. The Tamil Nadu Labour Welfare Fund (Amendment) Act, 2021
22. The Tamil Nadu Municipal Laws (Amendment) Act, 2021
23. The Tamil Nadu Municipal Laws (Second Amendment) Act, 2021
24. The Tamil Nadu Panchayats (Amendment) Act, 2021
25. The Tamil Nadu Panchayats (Second Amendment) Act, 2021
26. The Tamil Nadu Payment of Salaries (Amendment) Act, 2021
27. The Tamil Nadu Repealing Act, 2021
28. The Tamil Nadu Repealing (Second) Act, 2021
29. The Tamil Nadu Shops and Establishments (Amendment) Act, 2021
30. The Tamil Nadu Shops and Establishments (Amendment) Amendment Act, 2021
31. The Tamil Nadu Special Reservation of seats in Educational Institutions including Private Educational Institutions and of Appointments or Posts in the Services under the State within the Reservation for the Most Backward Classes and Denotified Communities Act, 2021
32. The Tamil Nadu State Commission for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Act, 2021
33. The Tamil Nadu Universities Laws (Amendment and Repeal) Act, 2021

Telangana

1. Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University (Amendment) Act, 2021
2. The National Academy of Legal Studies and Research University (Amendment) Act, 2021
3. The Telangana Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021
4. The Telangana Housing Board (Amendment) Act, 2021
5. The Telangana Panchayat Raj (Amendment) Act, 2021
6. The Telangana Payment of Salaries and Pension and Removal of Disqualifications (Amendment) Act, 2021
7. The Telangana Public Employment (Regulation of Age of Superannuation) (Amendment) Act, 2021
8. The Telangana State Prevention of Touting and Malpractices Against Tourists and Travellers Act, 2021

Tripura

1. The Tripura Agricultural Land Leasing Act, 2021
2. The Tripura Excise (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2021
3. The Tripura Land Revenue and Land Reforms (Twelfth Amendment) Act, 2021
4. The Tripura Lokayukta (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2021
5. The Tripura Municipal (Seventh Amendment) Act, 2021
6. The Tripura Police (Amendment) Act, 2021
7. The Tripura Recovery of Damages to Public and Private Property Act, 2021
8. The Tripura Road Development Cess (Second Amendment) Act, 2021
9. The Tripura Shops and Establishments (Fifth Amendment) Act, 2021
10. The Tripura State Goods and Services Tax (Fourth Amendment) Act, 2021

Uttar Pradesh

1. The Prisons (Uttar Pradesh Amendment) Act, 2020
2. The State Ayush University, Uttar Pradesh (Amendment) Act, 2021
3. The Uttar Pradesh (Second) Repealing Act, 2021
4. The Uttar Pradesh (Third) Repealing Act, 2021
5. The Uttar Pradesh (Fourth) Repealing Act, 2021
6. The Uttar Pradesh Advocates Welfare Fund (Amendment) Act, 2021
7. The Uttar Pradesh Cinemas (Regulation) (Amendment) Act, 2021
8. The Uttar Pradesh Educational Institutions (Reservation in Teachers' Cadre) Act, 2021
9. The Uttar Pradesh Fighters of Democracy Honour (Amendment) Act, 2021
10. The Uttar Pradesh Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (Amendment) Act, 2021
11. The Uttar Pradesh Fundamental Rule 56 (Amendment and Validation) Act, 2021
12. The Uttar Pradesh Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021
13. The Uttar Pradesh Ground Water (Management and Regulation) (Amendment) Act, 2021
14. The Uttar Pradesh Industrial Disputes (Second Amendment) Act, 2020
15. The Uttar Pradesh Industrial Peace (Timely Payment of Wages) (Amendment) Act, 2021
16. The Uttar Pradesh Motor Vehicles Taxation (Amendment) Act, 2021
17. The Uttar Pradesh Private Universities (Amendment) Act, 2021
18. The Uttar Pradesh Private Universities (Second Amendment) Act, 2021
19. The Uttar Pradesh Prohibition of Smoking (Cinema Houses) (Repeal) Act, 2021
20. The Uttar Pradesh Prohibition of Unlawful Conversion of Religion Act, 2021
21. The Uttar Pradesh Public Services (Reservation for Physically Handicapped, Dependents of Freedom Fighters and Ex-Servicemen) (Amendment) Act, 2021
22. The Uttar Pradesh Qualifying Service for Pension and Validation Act, 2021
23. The Uttar Pradesh Regulation of Urban Premises Tenancy Act, 2021
24. The Uttar Pradesh Repealing Act, 2021
25. The Uttar Pradesh Revenue Code (Amendment) Act, 2021
26. The Uttar Pradesh Sheera Niyantran (Amendment) Act, 2021
27. The Uttar Pradesh Sheera Niyantran (Second Amendment) Act, 2021
28. The Uttar Pradesh Shree Chitrakoot Dhaam Teerth Vikas Parishad Act, 2021
29. The Uttar Pradesh Slum Areas (Improvement and Clearance) (Amendment) Act, 2021
30. The Uttar Pradesh State Sports University Act, 2021
31. The Uttar Pradesh State Sports University (Amendment) Act, 2021
32. The Uttar Pradesh State Universities (Amendment) Act, 2021
33. The Uttar Pradesh Sugarcane (Regulation of Supply and Purchase) (Amendment) Act, 2021
34. The Uttar Pradesh Sugarcane (Regulation of Supply and Purchase) (Second Amendment) Act, 2021
35. The Uttar Pradesh Vindhya Dham Teerth Vikas Parishad Act, 2021
36. The Uttar Pradesh Water Supply and Sewerage (Amendment) Act, 2021

Uttarakhand

1. Swami Rama Himalayan University (Amendment) Act, 2021
2. The Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University Act, 2021
3. The DIT University (Amendment) Act, 2021
4. The Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna University of Medical Education (Amendment) Act, 2020
5. The Himalayan Garhwal University (Amendment) Act, 2021
6. The ICFAI University (Amendment) Act, 2021
7. The IMS Unison University (Amendment) Act, 2021
8. The Surajmal University Act, 2021
9. The University of Engineering and Technology Roorkee Act, 2020
10. The Uttarakhand (Uttar Pradesh Land Revenue Act, 1901) (Amendment) Act, 2020
11. The Uttarakhand (Uttar Pradesh Municipal Corporation Bill, 1959) (Amendment) Act, 2021
12. The Uttarakhand (Uttar Pradesh Municipality Bill, 1916) (Amendment) Act, 2021
13. The Uttarakhand (Uttar Pradesh State Council of Higher Education Bill, 1995) (Amendment) Act, 2021
14. The Uttarakhand (Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Bill, 1950) (Amendment) Act, 2021
15. The Uttarakhand Agricultural Produce Market (Development and Regulation) Revival Act, 2021
16. The Uttarakhand Chardham Devasthanam Management (Repeal) Act, 2021
17. The Uttarakhand Fruit Nurseries (Regulation) (Amendment) Act, 2021
18. The Uttarakhand Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021
19. The Uttarakhand Martyrs Dependent Ex-gratia Grant Act, 2020
20. The Uttarakhand Panchayati Raj (Amendment) Act, 2021
21. The Uttarakhand Public Service (Reservation for Economically Weaker Sections) (Amendment) Act, 2020
22. The Uttarakhand Special Provisions for Urban Bodies and Authorities (Amendment) Act, 2021
23. The Uttarakhand State Agricultural Produce and Livestock Marketing (Promotion and Facilitation) (Amendment) Act, 2021
24. The Uttarakhand Subordinate Services Selection Commission (Amendment) Act, 2020

West Bengal

1. The Jhargram University (Amendment) Act, 2021
2. The West Bengal Court-Fees (Amendment) Act, 2021
3. The West Bengal Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (Amendment) Act, 2021
4. The West Bengal Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021
5. The West Bengal Krishi Vishwavidyalaya Laws (Amendment) Act, 2021
6. The West Bengal Official Language (Amendment) Act, 2021

APPENDIX 2:   LIST OF BILLS PASSED BY STATES IN 2021

This list includes state bills which were passed in 2021 and had not received assent as of December 2021. 

Andhra Pradesh

Assam

1. The Assam Cattle Preservation (Amendment) Bill, 2021
2. The Assam Cooperative Societies (Amendment) Bill, 2021
3. The Assam Direct Recruitment Commissions for Analogous Posts in Class-III and Class IV Bill, 2021
4. The Assam Excise (Amendment) Bill, 2021
5. The Assam Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (Facilitation of Establishment and Operation) (Amendment) Bill, 2021
6. The Assam Motor Vehicles Taxation (Amendment) Bill, 2021
7. The Assam Municipal (Third Amendment) Bill, 2021
8. The Assam Police (Amendment) Bill, 2021
9. The Assam Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Reservation of Posts in Services) (Amendment) Bill, 2021
10. The Assam Tribal Development Authority (Repeal) Bill, 2021
11. The Deori Autonomous Council (Amendment) Bill, 2021
12. The Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority (Amendment) Bill, 2021
13. The Guwahati Municipal Corporation (Amendment) Bill, 2021
14. The Mahapurusha Srimanta Sankaradeva Viswavidyalaya (Amendment) Bill, 2021
15. The Registration (Assam Amendment) Bill, 2021
16. The Sonowal Kachari Autonomous Council (Amendment) Bill, 2021

Bihar

1. The Bihar Civil Court Bill, 2021
2. The Bihar Private University (Amendment) Bill, 2021

Chhattisgarh

1. The Chhattisgarh Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Bill, 2021
2. The Chhattisgarh State Backward Classes Commission (Amendment) Bill, 2021
3. The Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products (Prohibition of Advertising and Regulation of Trade and Commerce, Production, Supply and Distribution) (Chhattisgarh Amendment) Bill, 2021
4. The Indira Kala Sangeet Vishwavidyalaya (Amendment) Bill, 2021

Goa

Gujarat

1. The Code of Criminal Procedure (Gujarat Amendment) Bill, 2021
2. The Indian Partnership (Gujarat Amendment) Bill, 2021

Haryana

1. The Haryana Agricultural Produce Markets (Amendment) Bill, 2021
2. The Haryana Private Universities (Amendment) Bill, 2021
3. The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (Haryana Amendment) Bill, 2021

Himachal Pradesh

1. The Himachal Pradesh Abadi Deh (Record of Rights) Bill, 2021
2. The Himachal Pradesh Lokayukta (Amendment) Bill, 2021
3. The Himachal Pradesh Sardar Patel University Mandi, Himachal Pradesh (Establishment and Regulation) Bill, 2021
4. The Himachal Pradesh Technical University (Amendment) Bill, 2021
5. The Himachal Pradesh University (Amendment) Bill, 2021

Jharkhand

1. Pandit Raghunath Murmu Tribal University Bill, 2021
2. The Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products (Prohibition of Advertisement and Regulation of Trade and Commerce, Production, Supply and Distribution) (Jharkhand Amendment) Bill, 2021
3. The Court Fees (Jharkhand Amendment) Bill, 2021
4. The Jharkhand (Prevention of Mob Violence and Mob Lynching) Bill, 2021
5. The Jharkhand Electricity Duty (Amendment) Bill, 2021
6. The Jharkhand Regional Development Authority (Amendment) Bill, 2021

Karnataka

1. The Code of Criminal Procedure (Karnataka Amendment) Bill, 2021

1. The Identification of Prisoners (Karnataka Amendment) Bill, 2021
2. The Karnataka Certain Inams Abolition and Certain other law (Amendment) Bill, 2021
3. The Karnataka Land Revenue (Amendment) Bill, 2021
4. The Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain other law (Amendment) Bill, 2021
5. The Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Second Amendment) Bill, 2021
6. The Karnataka Societies Registration (Amendment) Bill, 2021
7. The Karnataka State AYUSH University Bill, 2021
8. The Karnataka State Civil Services (Regulation of Transfer of Teachers) (Second Amendment) Bill, 2021
9. The Universities of Agricultural Sciences (Amendment) Bill, 2021
10. The University of Visvesvaraya College of Engineering Bill, 2021

Kerala

1. The University Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2021
2. The University Laws (Amendment) (No.2) Bill, 2021

Madhya Pradesh

1. Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University (Amendment) Bill, 2021
2. The Criminal Law (Madhya Pradesh Amendment) Bill, 2021
3. The Gwalior Trade Fair Authority (Amendment) Bill, 2021
4. The Madhya Pradesh Land Revenue Code (Amendment) Bill, 2021
5. The Madhya Pradesh Lok evam Niji Sampati ko Nuksaan ka Nivaran evam Nuksani ki Vasuli Bill, 2021
6. The Madhya Pradesh University (Amendment) Bill, 2021
7. The Madhya Pradesh Wood Chiran (Regulation) Amendment Bill, 2021

Maharashtra

1. The Maharashtra Agricultural Produce Marketing (Development and Regulation) (Amendment) Bill, 2021
2. The Maharashtra Co-operative Societies (Amendment and Validation) Bill, 2021
3. The Maharashtra Co-operative Societies (Second Amendment) Bill, 2021
4. The Maharashtra Co-operative Societies (Third Amendment) Bill, 2021
5. The Maharashtra Educational Institutions (Reservation in Teachers’ Cadre) Bill, 2021
6. The Maharashtra Marine Fishing Regulation (Amendment) Bill, 2021
7. The Maharashtra Municipal Corporations (Amendment) Bill, 2021
8. The Maharashtra Municipal Corporations and Maharashtra Municipal Councils, Nagar Panchayats and Industrial Townships (Second Amendment) Bill, 2021
9. The Maharashtra Municipal Councils, Nagar Panchayats and Industrial Townships (Amendment) Bill, 2021
10. The Maharashtra Public Universities (Second Amendment) Bill, 2021
11. The Maharashtra Public Universities (Third Amendment) Bill, 2021
12. The Maharashtra Stamp (Amendment) Bill, 2021
13. The Maharashtra Stamp (Second Amendment Validation) Bill, 2021
14. The Maharashtra State Board of Skill, Vocational Education and Training Bill, 2021
15. The Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (Amendment) Bill, 2021
16. The Maharashtra Village Panchayats and Maharashtra Zilla Parishads and Panchayat Samitis (Amendment) Bill, 2021
17. The Maharashtra Village Panchayats and Maharashtra Zilla Parishads and Panchayat Samitis (Second Amendment) Bill, 2021
18. The Maharashtra Zilla Parishads and Panchayat Samitis (Amendment) Bill, 2021
19. The Mumbai Municipal Corporation (Amendment) Bill, 2021
20. The Mumbai Municipal Corporation (Second Amendment) Bill, 2021
21. The Mumbai Municipal Corporation, Maharashtra Municipal Corporations and Maharashtra Municipal Councils, Nagar Panchayats and Industrial Townships (Amendment) Bill, 2021
22. The Mumbai Municipal Corporation, Maharashtra Municipal Corporations and Maharashtra Municipal Councils, Nagar Panchayats and Industrial Townships (Second Amendment) Bill, 2021
23. The Shakti Criminal Laws (Maharashtra Amendment) Bill, 2020

Nagaland

Odisha

1. The Biju Patnaik University of Technology (Amendment) Bill, 2021
2. The Indian Stamp (Odisha Amendment) Bill, 2021
3. The Odia University (Amendment) Bill, 2021
4. The Odisha Advocates' Welfare Fund (Amendment) Bill, 2021
5. The Odisha Goods and Services (Amendment) Bill, 2021
6. The Odisha Housing Board (Amendment) Bill, 2021
7. The Odisha Land Rights to Slum Dwellers (Amendment) Bill, 2021
8. The Odisha Maritime Board Bill, 2020
9. The Odisha Municipal Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2021
10. The Odisha Panchayat Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2021
11. The Odisha Professional Educational Institutions (Regulation of Admission and Fixation of Fee) Amendment Bill, 2021
12. The Odisha Repealing Bill, 2021
13. The Odisha Town Planning and Improvement Trust (Amendment) Bill, 2021
14. The Odisha University of Health Sciences Bill, 2021
15. The Odisha University of Technology and Research Bill, 2021
16. The Societies Registration (Odisha Amendment) Bill, 2021

Punjab

1. The Indian Partnership (Punjab Amendment) Bill, 2021
2. The Jails (Punjab Amendment) Bill, 2021
3. The Punjab Agricultural Produce Markets (Amendment) Bill, 2021
4. The Punjab Education (Posting of Teachers in Disadvantageous Area) Bill, 2021
5. The Punjab Energy Security, Reform, Termination and Re-Determination of Power Tariff Bill, 2021
6. The Punjab Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Bill, 2021
7. The Punjab One-Time Voluntary Disclosure and Settlement of Building Constructed in Violations of the Buildings Bye-Laws Bill, 2021
8. The Punjab Protection and Regularisation of Contractual Employees' Bill, 2021
9. The Punjab Renewable Energy Security, Reform, Termination and Re-Determination of Power Tariff Bill, 2021
10. The Punjab School Education Board (Amendment) Bill, 2021

Rajasthan

1. The Criminal Laws (Rajasthan Amendment) Bill, 2021
2. The Rajasthan Compulsory Registration of Marriages (Amendment) Bill, 2021
3. The Registration (Rajasthan Amendment) Bill, 2021

Tamil Nadu

1. The Indian Penal Code (Tamil Nadu Amendment) Bill, 2021
2. The Registration (Tamil Nadu Amendment) Bill, 2021
3. The Registration (Tamil Nadu Second Amendment) Bill, 2021
4. The Tamil Nadu Admission to Undergraduate Medical Degree Courses Bill, 2021.
5. The Tamil Nadu Bharathiar University (Amendment) Bill, 2021

Telangana

Tripura

Uttar Pradesh

1. The Societies Registration (Uttar Pradesh Amendment) Bill, 2021
2. The Uttar Pradesh Control of Goondas (Amendment) Bill, 2021
3. The Uttar Pradesh Education Services Tribunal Bill, 2021
4. The Uttar Pradesh Public and Private Property Defacement Prevention Bill, 2021

Uttarakhand

1. The Amrapali University Bill, 2021
2. The Societies Registration (Uttarakhand Amendment) Bill, 2021
3. The Uttarakhand (Uttar Pradesh) Public Services (Tribunal) (Amendment) Bill, 2021
4. The Uttarakhand Civil Law (Amendment) Bill, 2021
5. The Uttarakhand Nazul Land Management, Settlement and Disposal Bill, 2021
6. The Uttarakhand Panchayati Raj (Second Amendment) Bill, 2021
7. The Uttarakhand Tenancy Bill, 2021

West Bengal

APPENDIX 3:   LIST OF ORDINANCES ISSUED BY STATES IN 2021

The list includes state Ordinances promulgated by state governments that are available on state assembly websites and state gazettes.

 
 Andhra Pradesh

1. The Andhra Pradesh (Regulation of Trade in Indian Made Foreign Liquor, Foreign Liquor) (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
2. The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural Land (Conversion for Non-Agricultural Purposes) (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021

1. The Andhra Pradesh Appropriation (No.2) Ordinance, 2021
2. The Andhra Pradesh Appropriation (Vote-on-Account) Ordinance, 2021
3. The Andhra Pradesh Assigned Lands (Prohibition of Transfers) (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021

1. The Andhra Pradesh Bovine Breeding (Regulation of Production & Sale of Bovine Semen and Artificial Insemination Services) Ordinance, 2021
2. The Andhra Pradesh Charitable and Hindu Religious Institutions and Endowments (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
3. The Andhra Pradesh Charitable and Hindu Religious Institutions and Endowments (Second Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
4. The Andhra Pradesh Cinemas (Regulation) (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
5. The Andhra Pradesh Education (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
6. The Andhra Pradesh Higher Education Regulatory and Monitoring Commission (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
7. The Andhra Pradesh Medical Education and Research Corporation (APMERC) Ordinance, 2020
8. The Andhra Pradesh Municipal Laws (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
9. The Andhra Pradesh Municipal Laws (Second Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
10. The Andhra Pradesh Panchayat Raj (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
11. The Andhra Pradesh Private Universities (Establishment and Regulation) (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
12. The Andhra Pradesh Rights in Land and Pattadar Pass Books (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
13. The Andhra Pradesh Self Help Groups (SHG) Women Co-contributory Pension (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
14. The Andhra Pradesh Survey and Boundaries (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
15. The Municipal Corporations (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021

Arunchal Pradesh

Bihar

1. The Bihar Panchayat Raj (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
2. The Bihar Settlement of Taxation Disputes (Second) Ordinance, 2020
3. The Bihar State Higher Education Council (Amendment-2) Ordinance, 2020
4. The Bihar Technical Service Commission (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021

Goa

1. The Goa Agricultural Tenancy (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
2. The Goa Investment Promotion and Facilitation of Single Window Clearance Ordinance, 2021
3. The Goa Municipalities (Amendment) Withdrawal Ordinance, 2021
4. The India International University of Legal Education and Research of the Bar Council of India Trust at Goa, Ordinance, 2021

Gujarat

1. The Gujarat Fire Prevention and Life Safety Measures (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
2. The Gujarat Fiscal Responsibility (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
3. The Gujarat Private Universities (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
4. The Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021

Haryana

Jharkhand

Karnataka

1. The Karnataka Contingency Fund (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
2. The Karnataka Municipal Corporations (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
3. The Karnataka Municipal Corporations and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
4. The Karnataka Municipalities (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
5. The Karnataka Prevention of Slaughter and Preservation of Cattle Ordinance, 2020
6. The Karnataka State Civil Services (Regulation of Transfer of Teachers) (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
7. The Karnataka Town and Country Planning (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
8. The Karnataka Town and Country Planning (Second Amendment) Ordinance, 2021

Kerala

1. The A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technological University (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 39 of 2021)
2. The A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technological University (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 50 of 2021)
3. The A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technological University (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 94 of 2021)
4. The Kerala Agricultural Workers’ (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 9 of 2021)
5. The Kerala Agricultural Workers’ (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 55 of 2021)
6. The Kerala Bamboo, Kattuvalli and Pandanus Leaf Workers’ Welfare Fund (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 16 of 2021)
7. The Kerala Bamboo, Kattuvalli and Pandanus Leaf Workers’ Welfare Fund (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 75 of 2021)
8. The Kerala Bamboo, Kattuvalli and Pandanus Leaf Workers’ Welfare Fund (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 129 of 2021)
9. The Kerala Cashew Workers’ Relief and Welfare Fund (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 8 of 2021)
10. The Kerala Cashew Workers’ Relief and Welfare Fund (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 54 of 2021)
11. The Kerala Cashew Workers’ Relief and Welfare Fund (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 128 of 2021)
12. The Kerala Clinical Establishments (Registration and Regulation) Amendment Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 23 of 2021)
13. The Kerala Clinical Establishments (Registration and Regulation) Amendment Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 78 of 2021)
14. The Kerala Clinical Establishments (Registration and Regulation) Amendment Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 114 of 2021)
15. The Kerala Coir Workers’ Welfare Fund (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 37 of 2021)
16. The Kerala Coir Workers’ Welfare Fund (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 76 of 2021)
17. The Kerala Coir Workers’ Welfare Fund (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 135 of 2021)
18. The Kerala Co-operative Societies (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 24 of 2021)
19. The Kerala Co-operative Societies (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 92 of 2021)
20. The Kerala Co-operative Societies (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 117 of 2021)
21. The Kerala Co-operative Societies (Second Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 32 of 2021)
22. The Kerala Co-operative Societies (Second Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 93 of 2021)
23. The Kerala Co-operative Societies (Third Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 47 of 2021)
24. The Kerala Devaswom Recruitment Board (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 1 of 2021)
25. The Kerala Devaswom Recruitment Board (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 87 of 2021)
26. The Kerala Devaswom Recruitment Board (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 119 of 2021)
27. The Kerala Disaster and Public Health Emergency (Special Provisions) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 20 of 2021)
28. The Kerala Disaster and Public Health Emergency (Special Provisions) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 71 of 2021)
29. The Kerala Disaster and Public Health Emergency (Special Provisions) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 104 of 2021)
30. The Kerala Education (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 4 of 2021)
31. The Kerala Education (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 72 of 2021)
32. The Kerala Education (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 101 of 2021)
33. The Kerala Employment Guarantee Workers' Welfare Fund Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 36 of 2021)
34. The Kerala Employment Guarantee Workers' Fund Welfare Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 53 of 2021)
35. The Kerala Employment Guarantee Workers' Welfare Fund Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 125 of 2021)
36. The Kerala Epidemic Diseases Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 22 of 2021)
37. The Kerala Fiscal Responsibility (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 21 of 2021)
38. The Kerala Fiscal Responsibility (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 62 of 2021)
39. The Kerala Fiscal Responsibility (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 102 of 2021)
40. The Kerala Fish Auctioning, Marketing and Maintenance of Quality Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 28 of 2021)
41. The Kerala Fish Auctioning, Marketing and Maintenance of Quality Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 64 of 2021)
42. The Kerala General Sales Tax (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 18 of 2021)
43. The Kerala General Sales Tax (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 60 of 2021)
44. The Kerala General Sales Tax (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 105 of 2021)
45. The Kerala Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 59 of 2021)
46. The Kerala Headload Workers (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 15 of 2021)
47. The Kerala Headload Workers (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 90 of 2021)
48. The Kerala Headload Workers (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 127 of 2021)
49. The Kerala Industrial Single Window Clearance Boards and Industrial Township Area Development (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 137 of 2021)
50. The Kerala Industrial Single Window Clearance Boards and Industrial Township Area Development (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 142 of 2021)
51. The Kerala Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 29 of 2021)
52. The Kerala Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 82 of 2021)
53. The Kerala Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 108 of 2021)
54. The Kerala Jewellery Workers’ Welfare Fund (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 5 of 2021)
55. The Kerala Jewellery Workers’ Welfare Fund (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 79 of 2021)
56. The Kerala Jewellery Workers’ Welfare Fund (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 131 of 2021)
57. The Kerala Jewellery Workers’ Welfare Fund (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 139 of 2021)
58. The Kerala Labour Welfare Fund (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 7 of 2021)
59. The Kerala Labour Welfare Fund (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 57 of 2021)
60. The Kerala Livestock and Poultry Feed and Mineral Mixture (Regulation of Manufacture and Sale) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 35 of 2021)
61. The Kerala Livestock and Poultry Feed and Mineral Mixture (Regulation of Manufacturing and Sale) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 65 of 2021)
62. The Kerala Livestock and Poultry Feed and Mineral Mixture (Regulation of Manufacturing and Sale) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 111 of 2021)
63. The Kerala Livestock Feed, Poultry Feed and Mineral Mixture (Control of Production and Marketing) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 143 of 2021)
64. The Kerala Marine Fishing Regulation (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 25 of 2021)
65. The Kerala Marine Fishing Regulation (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 81 of 2021)
66. The Kerala Marine Fishing Regulation (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 110 of 2021)
67. The Kerala Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Facilitation (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 10 of 2021)
68. The Kerala Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Facilitation (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 85 of 2021)
69. The Kerala Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Facilitation (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 136 of 2021)
70. The Kerala Minerals (Vesting of Rights) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 11 of 2021)
71. The Kerala Minerals (Vesting of Rights) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 91 of 2021)
72. The Kerala Minerals (Vesting of Rights) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 124 of 2021)
73. The Kerala Municipality (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 13 of 2021)
74. The Kerala Municipality (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 88 of 2021)
75. The Kerala Municipality (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 126 of 2021)
76. The Kerala Municipality (Second Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 34 of 2021)
77. The Kerala Panchayat Raj (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 14 of 2021)
78. The Kerala Panchayat Raj (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 134 of 2021)
79. The Kerala Panchayat Raj (Second Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 33 of 2021)
80. The Kerala Private Forests (Vesting and Assignment) (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 30 of 2021)
81. The Kerala Private Forests (Vesting and Assignment) (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 52 of 2021)
82. The Kerala Private Forests (Vesting and Assignment) (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 98 of 2021)
83. The Kerala Private Forests (Vesting and Assignment) Amendment Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 140 of 2021)
84. The Kerala Provisional Collection of Revenues (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 19 of 2021)
85. The Kerala Provisional Collection of Revenues (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 61 of 2021)
86. The Kerala Provisional Collection of Revenues (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 107 of 2021)
87. The Kerala Public Health Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 44 of 2021)
88. The Kerala Public Health Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 63 of 2021)
89. The Kerala Public Health Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 116 of 2021)
90. The Kerala Public Health Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 144 of 2021)
91. The Kerala Public Service Commission (Additional Functions as Respects Certain Corporations and Companies) Amendment Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 138 of 2021)
92. The Kerala Public Service Commission (Additional Functions as Respects Certain Corporations and Companies) Amendment Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 141 of 2021)
93. The Kerala Public Service Commission (Additional Functions as Respects the Services under the Waqf Board) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 2 of 2021)
94. The Kerala Public Service Commission (Additional Functions as Respects the Services under the Waqf Board) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 58 of 2021)
95. The Kerala Public Service Commission (Additional Functions as Respects the Services under the Waqf Board) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 118 of 2021)
96. The Kerala Self Financing College Teaching and Non-teaching Employees (Appointment and Conditions of Service) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 38 of 2021)
97. The Kerala Self Financing College Teaching and Non-teaching Employees (Appointment and Conditions of Service) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 51 of 2021)
98. The Kerala Self Financing College Teaching and Non-teaching Employees (Appointment and Conditions of Service) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 95 of 2021)
99. The Kerala Shops and Commercial Establishments (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 6 of 2021)
100. The Kerala Shops and Commercial Establishments (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 89 of 2021)
101. The Kerala Shops and Commercial Establishments (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 123 of 2021)
102. The Kerala Shops and Commercial Establishments Workers' Welfare Fund (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 41 of 2021)
103. The Kerala Shops and Commercial Establishments Workers' Welfare Fund (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 77 of 2021)
104. The Kerala Shops and Commercial Establishments Workers Welfare Fund (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 121 of 2021)
105. The Kerala Small Plantation Workers’ Welfare Fund (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 12 of 2021)
106. The Kerala Small Plantation Workers’ Welfare Fund (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 84 of 2021)
107. The Kerala Small Plantation Workers’ Welfare Fund (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 130 of 2021)
108. The Kerala State Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 17 of 2021)
109. The Kerala State Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 106 of 2021)
110. The Kerala State Medical Practitioners Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 43 of 2021)
111. The Kerala State Medical Practitioners Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 73 of 2021)
112. The Kerala State Medical Practitioners Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 115 of 2021)
113. The Kerala Tailoring Workers' Welfare Fund (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 3 of 2021)
114. The Kerala Tailoring Workers' Welfare Fund (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 74 of 2021)
115. The Kerala Tailoring Workers' Welfare Fund (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 132 of 2021)
116. The Kerala Toddy Industry Development Board Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 40 of 2021)
117. The Kerala Toddy Industry Development Board Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 86 of 2021)
118. The Kerala Toddy Industry Development Board Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 103 of 2021)
119. The Kerala Town and Country Planning (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 42 of 2021)
120. The Kerala Town and Country Planning (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 83 of 2021)
121. The Kerala Town and Country Planning (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 122 of 2021)
122. The Kerala University of Digital Sciences, Innovation, and Technology Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 27 of 2021)
123. The Kerala University of Digital Sciences, Innovation and Technology Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 80 of 2021)
124. The Kerala University of Digital Sciences, Innovation and Technology Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 113 of 2021)
125. The Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 46 of 2021)
126. The Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 66 of 2021)
127. The Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 109 of 2021)
128. The Payment of Salaries and Allowances (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 26 of 2021)
129. The Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 45 of 2021)
130. The Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 67 of 2021)
131. The Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 96 of 2021)
132. The University Laws (Amendment) (No.2) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 48 of 2021)
133. The University Laws (Amendment) (No.2) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 69 of 2021)
134. The University Laws (Amendment) (No.2) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 99 of 2021)
135. The University Laws (Amendment) (No.3) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 49 of 2021)
136. The University Laws (Amendment) (No.3) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 70 of 2021)
137. The University Laws (Amendment) (No.3) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 100 of 2021)
138. The University Laws (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 31 of 2021)
139. The University Laws (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 68 of 2021)
140. The University Laws (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 97 of 2021)
141. The Kerala Agricultural Workers’ (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 133 of 2021)
142. The Kerala Fish Auctioning, Marketing and Maintenance of Quality Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 112 of 2021)
143. The Kerala Labour Welfare Fund (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 120 of 2021)
144. The Kerala Panchayat Raj (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021 (Ordinance No. 56 of 2021)

Madhya Pradesh

1. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University of Social Sciences (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
2. Pandit S.N. Shukla University (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
3. The Madhya Pradesh Appropriation Ordinance, 2021
4. The Madhya Pradesh Bhoj (Open) University Amendment Ordinance, 2021
5. The Madhya Pradesh Co-operative Societies (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
6. The Madhya Pradesh Freedom of Religion Ordinance, 2020
7. The Madhya Pradesh Guarantee of Delivery of Public Services (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
8. The Madhya Pradesh High Speed Diesel Cess (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
9. The Madhya Pradesh Motor Spirit Cess (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
10. The Madhya Pradesh Municipal laws (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
11. The Madhya Pradesh Niji Vishwavidyalaya (Sthapana evam Sanchalan) Dwitiya Sanshodhan Adhyadesh, 2020
12. The Madhya Pradesh Panchayat Raj and Gram Swaraj (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
13. The Madhya Pradesh Panchayat Raj and Gram Swaraj (Second Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
14. The Madhya Pradesh State Backward Class Commission (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
15. The Madhya Pradesh VAT (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021

Maharashtra

1. The Maharashtra Co-operative Societies (Amendment and Validation) Ordinance, 2021
2. The Maharashtra Co-operative Societies (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
3. The Maharashtra Marine Fishing Regulation (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
4. The Maharashtra Municipal Corporations (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
5. The Maharashtra Municipal Councils, Nagar Panchayats and Industrial Townships (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
6. The Maharashtra Public Universities (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
7. The Maharashtra Stamp (Amendment and Validation) Ordinance, 2021
8. The Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
9. The Maharashtra Village Panchayats and the Maharashtra Zilla Parishads and Panchayat Samitis (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
10. The Maharashtra Village Panchayats and the Maharashtra Zilla Parishads and Panchayat Samitis (Second Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
11. The Mumbai Municipal Corporation (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
12. The Mumbai Municipal Corporation (Second Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
13. The Mumbai Municipal Corporation, Maharashtra Municipal Corporations and Maharashtra Municipal Councils, Nagar Panchayats and Industrial Townships (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
14. The Mumbai Municipal Corporation, Maharashtra Municipal Corporations and Maharashtra Municipal Councils, Nagar Panchayats and Industrial Townships (Second Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
15. The Maharashtra Municipal Corporations and Maharashtra Municipal Councils, Nagar Panchayats and Industrial Townships (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021

Manipur

1. The Manipur (Courts) (Second Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
2. The Manipur Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (Third Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
3. The Manipur Shops and Establishments (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Services) Ordinance, 2021

Meghalaya

1. The Contingency Fund of Meghalaya (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
2. The Meghalaya Fiscal Responsibility Budget Management (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
3. The Meghalaya Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
4. The Meghalaya Regulation of Gaming Ordinance, 2021

Odisha

1. The Odisha Municipal Laws (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
2. The Odisha Panchayat Laws (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
3. The Odisha Town Planning and Improvement Trust (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021

Punjab

1. The Lamrin Tech Skills University, Punjab Ordinance, 2021
2. The Plaksha University, Punjab Ordinance, 2021
3. The Plaksha University, Punjab Second Ordinance, 2021

Sikkim

Tamil Nadu

1. The Cuddalore City Municipal Corporation Ordinance, 2021
2. The Kancheepuram City Municipal Corporation Ordinance, 2021
3. The Karur City Municipal Corporation Ordinance, 2021
4. The Kumbakonam City Municipal Corporation Ordinance, 2021
5. The Sivakasi City Municipal Corporation Ordinance, 2021
6. The Tambaram City Municipal Corporation Ordinance, 2021
7. The Tamil Nadu Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation) Second Amendment Ordinance, 2021
8. The Tamil Nadu Municipal Laws (Third Amendment) Ordinance, 2021

Telangana

1. Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticulture University (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
2. The Telangana Housing Board (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021

Tripura

Uttar Pradesh

1. The State Ayush University, Uttar Pradesh (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
2. The Uttar Pradesh Advocates Welfare Fund (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
3. The Uttar Pradesh Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
4. The Uttar Pradesh Industrial Peace (Timely Payment of Wages) (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
5. The Uttar Pradesh Motor Vehicles Taxation (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
6. The Uttar Pradesh Private Universities (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
7. The Uttar Pradesh Regulation of Urban Premises Tenancy (Second) Ordinance, 2021
8. The Uttar Pradesh Regulation of Urban Premises Tenancy Ordinance, 2021
9. The Uttar Pradesh Repealing Ordinance, 2021
10. The Uttar Pradesh State Universities (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021

Uttarakhand

1. The Uttarakhand (Uttar Pradesh Municipal Council Act, 1959) (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
2. The Uttarakhand (Uttar Pradesh Municipality Act, 1916) (Amendment) Ordinance, 2021
3. The Uttarakhand Panchayati Raj (Second Amendment) Ordinance, 2021

 

^[1] Article 147, Constitution of India, https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf. 

^[2] The National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution, 2002.

^[3] Parliamentary Committees: Increasing their effectiveness, PRS, https://prsindia.org/parliamenttrack/discussion-papers/parliamentary-committees-increasing-their-effectiveness.

^[4] Bulletin I, Kerala assembly, http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/15kla/bulletins/Bulletin%20Part%20I%20No.%2041.pdf 

^[5] Kerala Legislative assembly, http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/comm.htm.

^[6] Report of the Joint Committee on SHAKTI Criminal Laws (Maharashtra Amendment) Bill, 2020, December 22, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/maharashtra/2020/Joint%20Select%20Committee%20Report-Shakti%20Bill,%202020.pdf.

^[7] The Goa Preservation of Trees (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/goa/2021/BILL%2051%20of%202021_Goa.pdf.

^[8] The Goa (Verification of Tenants) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/goa/2021/BILL%2052%20of%202021_Goa.pdf.

^[9] The Jharkhand State Employment of Local Candidates in Private Sector Act, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/jharkhand/2021/The%20Jharkhand%20State%20Employment%20Of%20Local%20Candidates%20In%20Private%20Sector%20Act,%202021.pdf.

^[10] The Sports University of Haryana Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/haryana/2021/Bill%20No.%2015%20of%202021%20Haryana.pdf.

^[11] The Himachal Pradesh Ceiling on Land Holdings (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/himachal-pradesh/2021/Bill%20No%206%20of%202021%20HP.pdf.

^[12] RC Cooper vs. Union of India (1970), https://main.sci.gov.in/judgment/judis/1504.pdf.

^[13] The Maharashtra Public Universities Act, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/maharashtra/2017/2017Maharashtra6.pdf.

^[14] The Tamil Nadu Admission to Undergraduate Medical Degree Courses Act, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/tamil-nadu/2021/Act%20No.%2014%20of%202021%20Tamilnadu.pdf.

^[15] The Uttar Pradesh Education Services Tribunal Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/uttar-pradesh/2021/15%20of%202021.pdf.

^[16] The SHAKTI Criminal Laws (Maharashtra Amendment) Act, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/maharashtra/2020/Bill%20as%20passed%20in%20the%202021%20Winter%20Session.pdf

^[17]  The Code of Criminal Procedure (Andhra Pradesh Amendment) Bill, 2018, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/andhra-pradesh/2019/2019AP17.pdf.

^[18] The Criminal Laws (Arunachal Pradesh Amendment) Act, 2018, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/arunachal-pradesh/2019/Act%203%20of%202019%20Arunachal%20Pradesh.pdf.

^[19]  The Criminal Law (Chhattisgarh Amendment) Act, 2013, https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/12815/1/the_criminal_law_%28chhattisgarh_amendment%29_act%2C_2013_no._25_of_2015_date_21.07.2015.pdf.

^[20]  The Code of Criminal Procedure (Andhra Pradesh Amendment) Bill, 2018, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/andhra-pradesh/2019/2019AP17.pdf.

^[21] The Maharashtra Exclusive Special Courts (for certain offences against women and children under Shakti law) Bill, 2020, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/maharashtra/2020/Mah.%20L.A.%20Bill%20no.%2052%20of%202020%20English%20Maharashtra%20Exclusive%20Special%20Courts%20(for%20certains%20offences%20against%20women%20and%20children%20under%20shakti%20law)%20Bill,%202020.pdf.

^[22] The Andhra Pradesh Disha (Special Courts for Specified Offences against Women and Children) Bill, 2020, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/andhra-pradesh/2020/L.A%20Bill%20No.31%20of%202020.pdf.

^[23] The Madhya Pradesh Lok Evam Niji Sampatti Ko Nuksaan Ka Nivaran Evam Nuksaani Ki Vasuli Vidheyak, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/madhya-pradesh/2021/Bill%20No.%2034%20of%202021%20MP.pdf.

^[24] The Haryana Recovery of Damages to Property During Disturbance to Public Order Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/haryana/2021/Bill%20No.%2010%20of%202021%20Haryana.pdf. 

^[25] The Tripura Recovery of Damages to Public and Private Property Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/tripura/2021/Bill%20No.%202%20of%202021%20Tripura.pdf.

^[26] The Uttar Pradesh Recovery of Damages to Public and Private Property Act, 2020, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/uttar-pradesh/2020/Act%20No.%2011%20of%202020%20UP.pdf

^[27] The Karnataka Religious Structures (Protection) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/karnataka/2021/Bill%20No.%2039%20of%202021%20Karnataka.pdf.

^[28] The Jharkhand (Prevention of Mob Violence and Mob Lynching) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/jharkhand/2021/Jharkhand%20Anti-Lynching%20Bill%202021.pdf.

^[29] The Rajasthan Protection from Lynching Bill, 2019, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/rajasthan/2019/Bill%2022%20of%202019%20RJ.pdf.

^[30] The West Bengal (Prevention of Lynching) Bill, 2019, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/west-bengal/2019/Bill%2021%20of%202019%20WB.pdf.

^[31] The Manipur Protection from Mob Violence Ordinance, 2018, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/manipur/2018/Ordinance%20No.%203%20of%202018%20Manipur.pdf.

^[32] The Assam Cattle Preservation Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/assam/2021/The%20Assam%20Cattle%20Preservation(Amendment)%20Bill,2021_1.pdf.

^[33] The Assam Cattle Preservation Act, 1950, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/assam/1951/Assam%20Act%20No.%208%20of%201951.pdf.

^[34]  The Karnataka Prevention of Slaughter and Preservation of Cattle Act, 2020, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/karnataka/2021/Act%201%20of%202021%20Karnataka.pdf.

^[35]  Annex II (8) Gist of State Legislations on Cow Slaughter, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying, https://dahd.nic.in/hi/related-links/annex-ii-8-gist-state-legislations-cow-slaughter. 

^[36] The Gujarat Animal Preservation (Amendment) Act, 2011, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/gujarat/2011/2011Gujarat28.pdf.

^[37] The Rajasthan Bovine Animal (Prohibition of Slaughter and Regulation of Temporary Migration or Export) Act, 1995, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/rajasthan/1995/Act%20No.%2023%20of%201995%20RJ.pdf.

^[38] The Uttar Pradesh Prevention of Cow Slaughter Act, 1955, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/uttar-pradesh/1956/1956Uttar%20Pradesh1.pdf.

^[39] The Haryana Gauvansh Sanrakshan and Gausamvardhan Act, 2015,https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/haryana/2015/2015HR20.pdf.

^[40] The Gujarat Freedom of Religion (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/gujarat/2021/15%20of%202021%20GUJ.pdf.

^[41] The Uttar Pradesh Prohibition of Unlawful Conversion of Religion Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/uttar-pradesh/2021/7%20of%202021.pdf.

^[42] The Madhya Pradesh Freedom of Religion Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/madhya-pradesh/2021/Bill%20No.%201%20of%202021%20MP.pdf.

^[43] Jamiat Ulama-E-Hind Gujarat vs State of Gujarat, High Court of Gujarat, August 19, 2021.

^[44] The Karnataka Protection of Right to Freedom of Religion Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/karnataka/2021/Anti%20Conversion%20Bill.pdf.

^[45] The Karnataka Protection of Right to Freedom of Religion Ordinance, 2022, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/karnataka/2022/KA%20Ordinance%20.pdf.

^[46] The Orissa Freedom of Religion Act, 1967, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/odisha/1968/Odisha%20Act.%202%20of%201968.pdf.

^[47] The Arunachal Pradesh Freedom of Religion Act, 1978, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/arunachal-pradesh/1978/Act%20No.%204%20of%201978%20Arunachal%20Pradesh.pdf.

^[48] The Jharkhand Freedom of Religion Act, 2017, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/jharkhand/2017/Jharkhand%20Act%20No.%2017,%202017.pdf.

^[49] The Uttarakhand Freedom of Religion Act, 2018, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/uttarakhand/2018/Act%2028%20of%202018%20UKD.pdf.

^[50] The Himachal Pradesh Freedom of Religion Act, 2019, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/himachal-pradesh/2019/Act%2013%20of%202019%20HP.pdf.

^[51] The Meghalaya Regulation of Gaming Act, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/meghalaya/2021/Act%209%20of%202021%20Meghalaya.pdf.

^[52] The Karnataka Police (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/karnataka/2021/Bill%20No.%2037%20of%202021%20Karnataka.pdf

^[53] The Nagaland Prohibition of Gambling and regulation of online games of skill Act, 2015, https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/15162/1/the_nagaland_prohibition_of_gambling_and_promotion_and_regulation_of_online_games_of_skill_act_2015.pdf.  

^[54] The Telangana Gaming (Amendment) Act, 2017, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/telangana/2017/2017Telangana29.pdf.  

^[55] The Andhra Pradesh Gaming (Amendment) Act, 2020, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/andhra-pradesh/2020/Act%2043%20of%202020%20Andhra%20Pradesh_opt.pdf.

^[56] The Sikkim Online Gaming (Regulation) Amendment Act, 2009, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/sikkim/2009/2009Sikkim7.pdf.

^[56]The Tamil Nadu Gaming and Police Laws (Amendment) Act, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/tamil-nadu/2021/Bill%201%20of%202021%20TN.pdf.

^[58] Junglee Games India Private Limited vs. State of Tamil Nadu, High Court of Judicature at Madras, W.P.Nos.18022 of 2020 etc., 03 August, 2021, https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis/index.php/casestatus/viewpdf/596515.

^[59] All India Gaming Federation vs. State of Karnataka, High Court of Karnataka, W.P. (Civil) 18703 of 2021, February 14, 2022. https://karnatakajudiciary.kar.nic.in/karjud/case_details_hck.php?params=UFdkQmZjM3lKOGY2TFZkZjkvNkVUdDJwWnVUZTFyOW9sSEgzYjdNcDNOaW5LYUxCYTQ4czIvM0dpN3J1R1dGTGd4aGVVa3BLYnQ3YnV1YWw2K1hUb1E9PQ==

^[60] Junglee Games India Private Limited vs. State of Tamil Nadu, High Court of Judicature at Madras, W.P.Nos.18022 of 2020 etc., 03 August, 2021, https://www.mhc.tn.gov.in/judis/index.php/casestatus/viewpdf/596515.

^[61] The Karnataka Prison Development Board Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/karnataka/2021/Bill%20No.%2027%20of%202021%20Karnataka.pdf.

^[62]The Gujarat Clinical Establishments (Registration and Regulation) Act, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/gujarat/2021/Act%2018%20of%202021%20Gujarat.pdf.

^[63]The Kerala Clinical Establishments (Registration and Regulation) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/kerala/2021/BILL%20No%2040%20of%202021_Kerala.pdf.

^[64]The Tamil Nadu Clinical Establishments (Regulation) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/tamil-nadu/2021/BILL%20No.%2024%20of%202021%20TN.pdf.

^[65]The Kerala Clinical Establishment Amendment Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/kerala/2021/BILL%20No%2040%20of%202021_Kerala.pdf.

^[66]The Kerala State Medical Practitioners Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/kerala/2021/Ordinance%2043%20of%202021%20Kerala.pdf.

^[67]The Travancore-Cochin Medical Practitioners Act, 1953, https://medicalcouncil.kerala.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/tcmpact1953.pdf.

^[68]The Madras Medical Registration Act, 1914, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/tamil-nadu/1914/1914TN4.pdf.

^[69] The Kerala Public Health Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/kerala/2021/Bill%20no.%2077%20of%202021_Kerala.pdf.

^[70]The Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products (Prohibition of Advertisement and Regulation of Trade and Commerce, Production, Supply and Distribution) (Jharkhand Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/jharkhand/2021/Cigarettes%20and%20other%20Tabacco%20Products%20(Prohibition)%20Jharkhand%20Amendment%20Bill,%202021.pdf.

^[71]The Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products (Prohibition of Advertising and Regulation of Trade and Commerce, Production, Supply and Distribution) (Chhattisgarh Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://adminyii2.prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/chhattisgarh/2021/Bill%20No.%2011%20of%202021%20CHG.pdf

^[72] State of State Finances 2020, https://prsindia.org/files/policy/policy_analytical_reports/State%20Finances_2020-21.pdf.

^[73] The Andhra Pradesh Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (Amendment) Act, 2020, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/andhra-pradesh/2010/2010%20Andhra%20Pradesh%207.pdf.

^[74] The Assam Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (Amendment) Act, 2020, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/assam/2005/2005%20Assam%2027.pdf.

^[75] The Jharkhand Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (Amendment) Act, 2020, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/jharkhand/2007/2007Jharkhand7.pdf.

^[76] The Telangana Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (Amendment) Act, 2020, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/telangana/2020/Act%2016%20of%202020%20Telangana.pdf.

^[77] The Uttar Pradesh Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (Amendment) Act, 2020, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/uttar-pradesh/2004/2004UP5.pdf.

^[78] The Uttar Pradesh Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (Second Amendment) Act, 2020, http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/getImageHandler.ashx?ID=21484&con=11.

^[79] State of State Finances 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/policy/policy_analytical_reports/State%20Finances%202021-22.pdf.

^[80] Report of the 15^th Finance Commission for 2021-26, https://fincomindia.nic.in/ShowContent.aspx?uid1=3&uid2=0&uid3=0&uid4=0.

^[81] The Andhra Pradesh Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/andhra-pradesh/2021/Bill%20No.%2033%20of%202021%20Andhra%20Pradesh.pdf.

^[82] The Andhra Pradesh Motor Vehicles Taxation (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/andhra-pradesh/2021/Bill%20No.%2023%20of%202021%20Andhra%20Pradesh.pdf.

^[83] The Assam Motor Vehicles Taxation (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/assam/2021/The%20Assam%20Motor%20Vehicles%20Taxation(Amendment)%20Bill,2021_1.pdf.

^[84] The Goa Motor Vehicles Tax (Amendment) Act, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/goa/1974/Act%20No.%208%20of%201974%20Goa.pdf.

^[85] The Jharkhand Motor Vehicle Taxation (Amendment) Act, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/jharkhand/2018/2018Jharkhand12.pdf.

^[86] The Karnataka Motor Vehicles Taxation (Second Amendment) Act, 2020, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/karnataka/2021/Bill%204%20of%202021%20Karnataka.pdf.

^[87] The Madhya Pradesh Motor Spirit Upkar (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/madhya-pradesh/2021/Bill%20no.%205%20of%202021%20MP.pdf.

^[88] The Meghalaya (Sales of Petroleum and Petroleum. Products including Motor Spirit) Taxation (Amendment) Act, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/meghalaya/1972/MEGHALAYA%20ACT%2019%20OF%201972.pdf.

^[89] The Punjab Motor Vehicles Taxation (Amendment) Bill, 2021, http://www.punjabassembly.nic.in/images/docs/Bill%20No.%2022-PLA-2021.pdf.

^[90] The Uttar Pradesh Motor Vehicles Taxation (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/uttar-pradesh/2021/104%20of%202021.pdf.

^[91] Entry No. 22, 24, 25, Concurrent List, Schedule VII, Constitution of India, https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf.

^[92] The Haryana State Employment of Local Candidates Bill, 2020, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/haryana/2020/Bill%20No.%2033%20of%202020%20Haryana.pdf.

^[93] The Jharkhand State Employment of Local Candidates in Private Sector Act, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/jharkhand/2021/The%20Jharkhand%20State%20Employment%20Of%20Local%20Candidates%20In%20Private%20Sector%20Act,%202021.pdf.

^[94] Faridabad Industries Association v. State of Haryana, Punjab and Haryana High Court, February 3, 2022.

^[95] State of Haryana v. Faridabad Industries Association & Anr., Supreme Court of India, February 17, 2022.

^[96] Notification Number Lab./25478/2021, Labour Department, Government of Haryana, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/haryana/2020/Notification%202.pdf.

^[97] The Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) (Gujarat Amendment) Bill, 2020, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/gujarat/2020/Bill%2018%20of%202020%20Gujarat.pdf.

^[98] The Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_parliament/2020/Occupational%20Safety,%20Health%20And%20Working%20Conditions%20Code,%202020.pdf.

^[99] The Kerala Employment Guarantee Workers’ Welfare Fund Bill, 2021,  https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/kerala/2021/Bill%20no.%2051%20of%202021_Kerala.pdf.

^[100] The Kerala Coir Workers’ Welfare Fund (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/kerala/2021/Bill%20no.%2060%20of%202021_kerala.pdf

^[101] The Kerala Labour Welfare Fund (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/kerala/2021/Bill%20no.%2070%20of%202021_Kerala.pdf.

^[102] The Kerala Cashew Workers’ Relief and Welfare Fund (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/kerala/2021/Bill%20no.%2073%20of%202021_Kerala.pdf.

^[103] The Tamil Nadu Labour Welfare Fund (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/tamil-nadu/2021/BILL%20No.%2028%20of%202021%20TN.pdf.

^[104] The Goa Shops and Establishments (Amendment) Bill 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/goa/2021/Goa%20Bill%20No.%2047%20of%202021.pdf.

^[105] Kerala Shops and Commercial Establishments (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/kerala/2021/Bill%20no.%2065%20of%202021_Kerala.pdf.

^[106] The Tripura Shops and Establishments (Fifth Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/tripura/2021/Bill%20No.%206%20of%202021%20Tripura.pdf.

^[117] The Goa Investment Promotion and Facilitation of Single Window Clearance Act, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/goa/2021/Goa%20Act%20No.%2019%20of%202021.pdf.

^[108] The Manipur Industrial Single Window Clearance Act, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/manipur/2021/Act%20No.%209%20of%202021%20Manipur.pdf.

^[109] The Punjab Anti Red Tape Act, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/punjab/2021/Act%2014%20of%202021%20Punjab.pdf. 

^[110] The Kerala Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Facilitation (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/kerala/2021/Bill%20No.%2066%20of%202021%20Kerala.pdf.

^[111] The Haryana Agricultural Produce Markets (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/haryana/2021/Bill%20No.%2037%20of%202021%20Haryana.pdf.

^[112] The Maharashtra Agricultural Produce Marketing (Development and Regulation) (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/maharashtra/2021/Bill%20No.%2036%20of%202021%20MH.pdf.

^[113] The Goa Agricultural Produce and Livestock Marketing (Promotion and Facilitation) (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/goa/2021/Goa%20Bill%20No.%2040%20of%202021.pdf.

^[114]The Model Agricultural Produce and Livestock

Marketing (Promotion & Facilitation) Act, 2017, https://agricoop.nic.in/sites/default/files/APLM_ACT_2017_1.pdf.

^[115]Uttar Pradesh Sheera Niyantran (Sanshodhan) Vidheyak, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/uttar-pradesh/2021/31%20of%202021.pdf.

^[116]Uttar Pradesh Sheera Niyantran (Dwitiya Sanshodhan) Vidheyak, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/uttar-pradesh/2021/109%20of%202021.pdf.

^[117]Uttar Pradesh Sugarcane (Regulation of Supply and Purchase) (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/uttar-pradesh/2021/10%20of%202021.pdf.

^[118]Uttar Pradesh Sugarcane (Regulation of Supply and Purchase) (Second Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/uttar-pradesh/2021/108%20of%202021.pdf.

^[119]The Farmers Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) (Maharashtra Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/maharashtra/2021/L.A.BILL%2018%20of%202021.pdf.

^[120]The Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services (Maharashtra Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/maharashtra/2021/L.A%20Bill%20no%2017%20of%202021.pdf.

^[121]The Farm Laws Repeal Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_parliament/2021/Farm%20Laws%20Repeal%20Bill,2021.pdf.

^[122]The Tripura Agricultural Land Leasing Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/tripura/2021/Bill%20No.%2012%20of%202021%20Tripura.pdf.

^[123]The Mizoram Agricultural Land Leasing Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/mizoram/2021/Bill%20No.%2044%20of%202021%20Mizoram.pdf.

^[124] Report of the Expert Committee on Land Leasing, NITI Aayog, March 31, 2016, https://www.niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/document_publication/Final_Report_Expert_Group_on_Land_Leasing.pdf.

^[125] The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural Land (Conversion for Non-Agricultural Purposes) (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/andhra-pradesh/2021/Bill%20No.%2026%20of%202021%20Andhra%20Pradesh.pdf.

^[126] The Rajasthan Land Revenue (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/rajasthan/2021/BILL%20No%2017%20of%202021_Rajasthan.pdf.

^[127]The Madhya Pradesh Land Revenue Code (Amendment) Act, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/madhya-pradesh/2021/Bill%20No.%2030%20of%202021%20MP.pdf.

^[128] The Karnataka Land Revenue (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/karnataka/2021/Bill%20No.%2042%20of%202021%20Karnataka.pdf.

^[129] The Tripura Land Revenue and Land Reforms (Twelfth Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/tripura/2021/Bill%20No.%2013%20of%202021%20Tripura.pdf.

^[130] The Rajasthan Land Revenue Act, 1956, https://landrevenue.rajasthan.gov.in/content/dam/landrevenue/revenuedepartment/pdf/Acts/Rajasthan%20Act%20(4).pdf.

^[131]The Rajasthan Land Revenue (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/rajasthan/2021/BILL%20No%2017%20of%202021_Rajasthan.pdf.

^[132] The Uttar Pradesh Revenue Code (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/uttar-pradesh/2021/11%20of%202021.pdf.

^[133] The Assam Tenancy Act, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/assam/2021/Act%20No.%2031%20of%202021%20Assam.pdf.

^[134] The Uttarakhand Tenancy Act, 2021.

^[135] The Uttar Pradesh Regulation of Urban Premises Tenancy Act, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/uttar-pradesh/2021/Act%20No%2016%20of%202021%20UP.pdf.

^[136] “Model Tenancy Act to promote rental housing, by protecting the rights and interests of both the tenants and landlords”, Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs, https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1779681.

^[137] The Model Tenancy Act, 2021, https://mohua.gov.in/upload/whatsnew/60b7acb90a086Model-Tenancy-Act-English-02.06.2021.pdf.

^[138] The Goa Bhumiputra Adhikarini Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/goa/2021/Goa%20Bill%20No.%2049%20of%202021.pdf.

^[139] Bulletin Part I, No. 13, Legislative Assembly of the State of Goa, October 19, 2021, https://www.goavidhansabha.gov.in/uploads/sittings/3654_bul1_file_BUL-I-191021.pdf.

^[140] The Maharashtra Village Panchayats and the Maharashtra Zilla Parishads and Panchayat Samitis (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/maharashtra/2021/LA%20Bill%20no.%2023%20of%202021%20Eng.%20Mah.%20VP%20and%20Mah.%20ZP%20&%20PS%20(Amd)%20Bill.pdf.

^[141] The Maharashtra Zilla Parishads and Panchayat Samitis Act, 1961, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/maharashtra/1962/1962MH5.pdf.

^[142]The Odisha Municipal Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/odisha/2021/Odisha%20Municipal%20Laws%20Bill,%202021.pdf.

^[143]The Odisha Panchayat Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/odisha/2021/Odisha%20Panchayat%20Laws%20Bill,%202021.pdf.

^[144]Indra Sawhney v. Union of India, 1992, IR 1993 SC 477, 1992 Supp 2 SCR 454.

^[145]The Bihar Panchayat Raj (Amendment) Act, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/bihar/2006/Act%20No.%206%20of%202006%20Bihar.pdf.

^[146]The Goa Panchayat Raj (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/goa/2021/Goa%20Bill%20No.%2046%20of%202021.pdf.

^[147]The Haryana Panchayati Raj (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/haryana/2021/Bill%20No.%2011%20of%202021%20Haryana.pdf.

^[148]Jharkhand Panchayati Raj (Amendment) Bill, 2021.

^[149]The Kerala Panchayat Raj (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/kerala/2021/Bill%20no.%2042%20of%202021_Kerala.pdf.

^[150]The Maharashtra Village Panchayats and Maharashtra Zilla Parishads and Panchayat Samitis (Second Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/maharashtra/2021/L.%20C.%20BILL%20No.%20III%20OF%202021%20MH.pdf.

^[151]The Rajasthan Panchayati Raj (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/rajasthan/2021/Bill%205%20of%202021%20RJ.pdf.

^[152]The Tamil Nadu Panchayats (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/tamil-nadu/2021/Bill%204%20of%202021%20TN.pdf.

^[153]The Tamil Nadu Panchayats (Second Amendment) Bill, 2021,

https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/tamil-nadu/2021/Bill%2019%20of%202021%20TN.pdf.

^[154]The Telangana Panchayat Raj (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/telangana/2021/Bill%20No.%208%20of%202021_Telangana.pdf.

^[155]The Uttarakhand Panchayati Raj (Second Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/uttarakhand/2021/Uttarakhand%20Panchayati%20Raj%20(2nd%20Amendment)%20Bill,%202021.pdf.

^[156]The Andhra Pradesh Municipal Laws (Second Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/andhra-pradesh/2021/Bill%20No%207%20of%202021%20AP.pdf.

^[157] The Haryana Parivar Pehchan Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/haryana/2021/Bill%20No.%2027%20of%202021%20Haryana.pdf.

^[158]The Punjab Official Language (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/punjab/2021/THE%20PUNJAB%20OFFICIAL%20LANGUAGE%20(AMENDMENT)BILL,2021.pdf.

^[159] The West Bengal Official Languages (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/west-bengal/2021/Bill%20No.%205%20of%202021%20WB.pdf.

^[160]The Andhra Pradesh Decentralization and Inclusive Development of All Regions Repeal Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/andhra-pradesh/2021/Bill%20No%2021%20of%202021%20AP.pdf.

^[161]The Uttarakhand (Uttar Pradesh) Public Services (Tribunal) (Amendment) Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/uttarakhand/2021/Uttarakhand%20(UP)%20Public%20Services%20Amendment%20Bill,%202021.pdf.

^[162] The Jharkhand Green Energy Cess Act, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/jharkhand/2021/Act%206%20of%202021%20Jharkhand.pdf.

^[163]The Punjab Energy Security, Reform, Termination and Re-determination of Power Tariff Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/punjab/2021/Punjab%20Energy%20Security,%20Reform,%20Termination%20and%20Redetermination%20of%20Power%20Tariff%20Bill,%202021.pdf.

^[164] The Punjab Renewable Energy Security Reform, Termination, and Re-determination of Power Tariff  Bill, 2021, https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/punjab/2021/PUNJAB%20RENEWABLE%20ENERGY%20SECURITY,REFORM,TERMINATION%20AND%20RE-DETERMINATION%20OF%20POWER%20TARIFF%20BILL,2021.pdf.